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Aliei M, Hemati Azandariani I, Zal M H, Raigani E. (2019). The Position of Music Art Among Iranian Societies and Cultures in Historical Period. Parseh J. Archaeol. Stud.. 3(8), 37-56. doi:10.30699/PJAS.3.8.37
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/article-1-220-en.html

Abstract
Evidences found from Archaeological explorations, rock reliefs and rock inscriptions, express immemorial connections between music art and Iranian societies and cultures in the historical age. The music of Mythic era (Pishdadians and Kayanids) and Historical era (Medians, Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanians) is the most general division of music history of pre Islam. The flourish of Elamid music, before the Achaemids, can be noted as well. This research is a descriptive – analysis type, conducted to survey the position of music art in the societies and cultures of Iran at the Historical age. The research findings are gathered by documentary and field studies and analyzed in qualitative manner. The results of this research state that the upper and lower classes of the society had an important role in formation, transition and evolution of this art at the aforementioned time. Playing various instruments such as harp, reed (Ney), Drum, hornpipe, timpani, etc. in orisons, sacrifice, wedding and mourning ceremonies, indicating the association of this art with social life of people and closed connection between music and cultural, religious, social, economical and political characteristics of societies in ancient Iran. 
Keywords: Music, Historical Age, Dominant Class, Iranian Societies and Cultures.

Introduction
Music, art phenomena of human society from ancient times had an enormous impact on human life and the instruments used in each of the shapes and forms found. Some researchers, regardless of the place of music in ancient societies, conflicting views about the history and musical instruments proposed. Melody of emotions and human-induced internal interactions and represents sadness and joy, excitement and peace of mind of human beings. Clearly, music is a twin phenomenon and the essence of every nation in the world and part of the national identity and the culture of each society. Is that every nation and culture with its own music and is presented well and every nation has a special music from the distant past, a feature that the nation remained culturally distinct from the rest of the United Nations. Evidences found from Archaeological explorations, rock reliefs and rock inscriptions, express immemorial connections between music art and Iranian societies and cultures in the historical age. The music of Historical era (Elamites, Medians, Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassanians) is the most general division of music history of pre Islam. The flourish of Elamid music, before the Achaemids, can be noted as well. 

Discussion
This research is a descriptive – analysis type, conducted to survey the position of music art in the societies and cultures of Iran at the Historical age. The research findings are gathered by documentary and field studies and analyzed in qualitative manner.
Elamite period, the religious aspect is more art (probably due to lack of awareness of the use of this type of art, not a fact issue) of music and musicians in different events such as prayer to God (s) and sacrifice is used, although in that evening treated to music for celebrations. Choghamish seals in pre-historic and close to the Elamite era boom in the art show. Another important point in this era, there are three types of instruments (wind, percussion and string) in relief Kul-farah, Nineveh and Choghamish is obvious. The Medes also continued the tradition of singing the prayer ceremony. The art of this period are still among the lower class of society was not room for growth. Apparently the enthronement ceremony of the kings of the Medes, and continued playing music with ancient traditional shows. Another important point is that in this era, more music and religious aspects of the court official. In the Achaemenid era, a variety of martial music, festive and popular religious and because they Achaemenid Empire, many ethnic groups and was brought under the umbrella of its sovereignty, it is natural that people and communities benefit from these experiences. For example, the relative effects of Elamite and Achaemenid Persians in Mesopotamia the art of music is evident. There are a variety of instruments such as bass drum, horn, trumpet, harp, and trumpet and so does the variety of music in the evening. Although most economic activity in the state and was Clergymen and music is also closely associated with the court and Clergymen, but the bards and minstrels in ceremonies such as weddings and parties, it is reported that the ceremony might have the class and the ruling of is. Women who are part of every society, at court, continuing a long tradition, at least since Elam shows. Of military music show which direction the signal should not ignore the start and end of the war was used. In the Seleucid era by combining the theory of joint Iranian Persian music and Greek - Greek arose that its effects can be seen in the Western and Arabic music communities. The Parthian era, social security and qualitative progress in the industry, the development of the art of music. At this time a singer by the name of the party “gossan” was formed and it was probably the kind of song street market quotes were chest to chest. The importance of music in the Sassanid era, forced the king to appoint a minister for relations such art. Rank them in court Bahram Gur was promoted to second grade classes of the community court. Due to the rising value of the musicians in the court, there are special procedures for the ceremony music. In Sassanid period like the past, different types of music can be seen. Including a festive and happy, when hunting was hunting that deception, as well as the religious ceremony of singing used to comply with previous periods. In the course of the past continued to use some of the instruments. Also at this time the instruments were invented, how notation arose and skilled musicians and great musicians like Barbad, Bamshad, rebellious, Nakisa and others emerged and certain sounds like Ravshn or “way” was coined during this era. Poetry and music together in this land, and poet and musician is often a people. The music of this era is also quite popular among ordinary people and continued to Islamic periods.

Conclusions
The results of this research state that the music, as a general, was a special art for dominant ruler in the society which professional artists used to gather in their courts. Playing various instruments such as harp, reed (Ney), Drum, hornpipe, timpani, etc. Playing various instruments such as harp, reed (Ney), Drum, hornpipe, timpani, etc. in orisons, sacrifice, wedding and mourning ceremonies, indicating the association of this art with social life of people and closed connection between music and cultural, religious, social, economical and political characteristics of societies in ancient Iran.