Abstract
To balance the needs and actual or potential facilities, mankind has tried along with time. Water, ground, soil, road is from environmental factors forming a living place while one or more factors may play more important role depending on some situations. The culture is created due to people interactions and is progressing longitudinally and affects human activities. Ignoring the environment makes the debate impossible on cultural and behavioral conditions. Culture creates sites and phenomena around the spaces and places. Architecture is one of the main sites of culture in environment. Natural characteristics in the region of Ghahestan made the Ismailia – in the Islamic middle centuries - to establish defensive buildings due to cultural and religious conditions. The results made them to be in accordance with the political and natural conditions of the time. In spite of some environmental limitations, they provided their need in the environment and caused some sort of cultural and environmental accordance in the region. This study introduces the Kouh Zardan castle of Zirkouh city in South Khorasan. This castle has spent two different residence eras. The castle was used as a defensive place at the first era may be known as Saljooghi. Ilkhani’s were the second residents.The main question of the research is, what role has the natural geography of the area played in the castle of Castle Zardan Mountain architecture? The castle of Zardan Mountain has been built with regard to the environmental conditions of the area and the impact of the environment in the castle architecture space is not only in the use of native materials, but other factors such as climate, altitude, distance and proximity to water resources, geological structure and ... has played a key role in the formation of the castle. This paper is descriptive and analytical and its data has been through library resources and field surveys.
Keywords: Kouhzardan Castle, Architecture, Environment, Culture, Vegetation, Water resources.

Introduction
The breadth of the land of Iran, along with the diversity of its posterity, has created a situation in which the inhabitant should think in a special area of thought with creativity and sharpness in order to maintain, maintain and maintain their place of residence (Pazoki Tohruidi , 1376: 101). Environmental conditions, especially the climate, soil type, water resources, etc., can play a crucial role in the formation of a civilization (Wylie, 2007: 11). Among other factors that make use of these conditions in the environment, culture is. Culture is the result of an interpretation that humans themselves and their relationships with each other and nature (Abedi Sarvestani and Shah Vali, 1391: 2). If one looks at one of the applications of culture, then architecture as an outlook for human beings is one of the important aspects of culture that is studied in the geographic area as a perspective (Fayaz et al., 2011: 92). In many parts of Iran, there are works of old castles that have been constructed with the administrative and political conditions of their period and connect with their surroundings and create a solid structure. Quhistan is one of the places that has caused a favorable environment for the construction of the Ismaili dome in the Middle Ages due to its mountainousness due to the desert of central and loot, the plain called Afghanistan and the political and religious conditions. Castle Mountain Zadran One example of this type of castles, in South Khorasan province is located in the city Zirkouh the height of the mountain fortress Zadran on it and mastery of the environment, a perfect opportunity to the mountain’s topography around The fort is composed of mountainous and plain. In this article, the geographic conditions of the area and its impact on the architecture of Castle Zardan Mountain are discussed.

Castle Zardan Mountain
Castle Zardan Mountain is located in South Khorasan province, Zirkouh city and Zardan village, and is based on the point (UTM) at latitude and longitude 747004/3707960 with an average elevation of 1,770 meters above sea level. Castle Zardan Mountain is located above a single mountain (between 50 to 90 degrees) and overlooks the surrounding plains. The length of the castle is 100 meters and its width is 80 meters with an area of 8000 square meters and a height of 92 meters from the surrounding environment. The castle is based on a nearly square shape (Nasrabadi, 1391: 111). The architectural features of the castle include the remains of several towers, parts of the fence, the walls of the castle’s interior spaces, water cabinets, and several chamber-covered rooms. Citadel of the castle is located in the highest castle space. Some of the architectural spaces of the fortress are crafted in the rock form, so that rocks from the bed of this space can be used as building materials for the walls. In view of the architectural space of the castle building, it is seen that most of the residential spaces of the castle are opposite to the cold weather of the winter, so as to see some kind of compatibility with the winds of the area in this castle. For the construction of Ismaili castles, in addition to choosing it geographically, in the harsh areas, the villages near the fortress were chosen according to the Shiite religion, especially the Shiite Ismaili, as well as the environmental facilities including the water they had. Castle Zardan Mountain is located in a relatively blue area and today it is rich in agriculture. In the choice of castle, the environment was also considered vegetation, so that if materials such as bricks and pottery or melting metals were used for molding weapons, it was possible to make furnace with regard to vegetation.

Conclusion
Climatic factors have created buildings and spaces that are consistent with the environment, which is in fact the outlook for warm and dry regions, which expresses the complex relationships of man with its rough environment, so that architecture is the most obvious type of landscape (peasant, 1382: 68-67). Among these architectural views, it is possible to construct an Ismaili dome in most parts of Iran, especially in Qehistan. Castle Zardan Mountain is one of the Ismaili castles in Ghahistan, which is built according to the environmental conditions of the area and is related to some kind of architectural complexes of the castle with surrounding environment. Environmental factors were also very influential in the construction of the Castle Zardan Mountain due to cultural and historical factors, while how to form the fortress in order to adapt to natural conditions is more than anything else related to its surroundings. The influence of the environment in the castle architecture was not limited to the use of indigenous materials, but other factors such as climate, elevation, distance and proximity to water resources, geological structure, etc., also played a key role in the formation of the castle. In general, the most important factor is the formation of a water culture, access to water, and whether these water structures can be seen inside or outside the castle. But from other points of view, the castle landscape architecture is surrounded by the surrounding environment around the castle. The communication route is also seen in the perspective of the castle of Mount Zardan and other Isma’ili castles close by. The Castle Zardan Mountain is located on a single high mountain point with a steep pitch towards the surrounding area, for the sake of ease with the surrounding area and connecting with other Ismaili castles in the landscape.

Abstract
Persian literature, either in its oral or written forms, is full of pure myths which arise from the depth of human nature. And in order to understand human civilization better it is required that Iranian myths which have gained universal form today. Therefore, Jamšid’s myth (including Freydun’s era) has been considered as Iranian paradigm-myth In Persian literature domain and has been compared to its Egyptian and Indian equivalents. Narrative style of Jamšid’s myth is significantly similar to that os Osiris’s myth. Also its narrative Equivalent could be fragmentarily found in the fight between Indra and Veritra and also between Trita Aptya and višurpe. In this study, instead of a mere narrative comparison, it has been tried to consider the formation aspect of these myths regarding the centrality of the Iranian myths and based on the nature-mythology Approach. So, these myths have been studied in three parts, namely water, the sun, and water and light with regard to elements of nature, in particular the natural phenomena so that their common formation aspects could be properly cleared.
Keywords: Jamšid, Freydun, Osiris, Indra, Nature-Mythology, Water, The Sun, Light.

Introduction
The myth of the fight between Jamšid, Freydun and Garshāsp with Zahhāk and the story of Kāve Āhangar’s lawsuit that led to Kāve’s uprising can rightly be considered as the paradigm-myth of Iran. In other words, this myth is the only myth that contains the essence of Iranian thought, including: the conflict between the two forces of good and evil, chaos, light and darkness in nature, history, and human life, to Iranian mythological optimism, which means the victory of goodness at the end of the world with the killing of Zahhāk by the brave Garshāsp, as well as the character of individualization and personification of single concepts and corporeality to the extent that it is difficult to distinguish a myth from a legendary or historical character. This myth includes the history of Iranian thought from the Indo-European era and the independence of the Iranian branch to the present time. Therefore, it is not possible to reconstruct the history of this thought only by knowing the ancient Aryan texts, because this myth is still dynamic and alive due to the richness of thought and the ancient pattern of anti-tyranny, and it can be traced to the present time.
On the other hand, looking at the current state of the science of mythology and also looking at the latest theories related to the explanation of the nature of myths and legends, folk tales and legends, perhaps regarding the origin and origin of these narratives, the school of “nature-mythology” considered one of the most important schools of opinion in this field. This is the approach based on which this research will discuss the components of the myth of Jamšid, Osiris (as an Egyptian paradigm-myth) and Indra (as an Indian paradigm-myth). This school has basically flourished in Germany and the scientists who follow this school claim that primitive people paid a lot of attention to natural phenomena and the nature of this attention and interest is theoretical, contemplative and poetic. Based on this, primitive men weave poetic imaginations by interpreting and explaining the houses of the moon or the regular but changing movement of the sun in the sky. According to the followers of this school, the center of every myth or the reality that the myth deals with is a phenomenon of nature that has permeated the body and soul of the story.
Some of the followers of this school have this eclectic view that primitive man created his myths by mixing celestial objects and natural objects. This approach seems much more reasonable than the other approaches of this school and provides the freedom of action of the mythologist or researcher in a better way, and based on it, even the intensity and weakness of primitive man’s attention to natural elements can be justified.

Discussion
Our view in this article is more in line with this approach. Of course, one should be aware that the naturalist theory may neglect the cultural function and move in a direction that ignores many other components. In fact, it should be noted that before human imagination is idle, myth is a very important cultural force whose influence is well evident. Regarding this point, although this is not the opportunity to deal with cultural influences, but based on this, human culture can be divided into two parts, moon culture and sun culture (and of course, a combination of the two) based on its manifestations. In the ancient symbols: Maghrib (left), moon, femininity, [cow, earth,] night and rain on the one hand, and Mashriq (right), sun, day, masculinity [lion, snake] and summer are mixed together on the other hand. In this research, it has been tried to examine these two cultures with the focus on their most central element (in three sections with the theme of water, sun, and water and lighting; in addition to the sub-sections related to each section) and analyze them in the discussed mythology. Based on this, in the culture of the moon, water and rain should be considered the most vital element, but in the culture of the sun, the sun itself is the most vital element, and in the body of the article, we will deal with each of them in a systematic way.

Conclusion
In this research, the discussed myths have been examined in four sub-branches from the approach of nature-mythology, i.e. from the point of view of moon-thinkers, sun-thinkers, atmosphere-thinkers and eclecticisms, focusing on the latter sub-field. What we learned from this research about the origin of the mentioned myths, clarifies the point that they should not be definitively attributed to one of the origins and consider it sufficient to explain and understand the researched myths, but the common images that appear in all they can be seen and should be the basis of work in reviews. Based on this, although we cannot show the original origin with certainty, the image that is the common product of all of them, i.e. the cause of all the mentioned myths, can be shown, and that common image is nothing but the cycle of nature and, as a consequence, the cycle of life. , such as the cycle of sunrise and sunset, spring and autumn, the cycle of the moon in its homes, the cycle of water and drought, the cycle of light and darkness, the cycle of life and death, etc., which are prominently expressed in these myths: Osiris was killed by Set and in Horus is born, defeats the enemy and becomes another Osiris; Jamšid is killed by Zahhāk and is reborn in Freydun, he defeats Zahhāk and becomes another Jamšid himself; The same is said in the Indian equivalent. Also, the most important finding of this research, which was obtained with the focus of Iranian mythology, was to show the remarkable similarity of the mythological thinking of primitive people with poetic thinking, with examples of Iranian poets, the main reason of which should be found in their common source of inspiration, which is nature.

Acknowledgment
Special thanks to the good opinion of the respected referees and the publication who took the trouble to judge the article.

Conflict of Interest
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest in this research.

Abstract
Damage to cultural artifacts after discovery occurs due to various factors. One of these harmful cases is moisture originating from underground water, which appears as soil moisture, and over time, due to the oxidation process and the salts and ions in the water, as well as the incompatible pH of the environment with the texture and construction of the artifacts, it aggravates the process of destruction. In line with the mission of archaeometry as a bridge between archeology and other sciences, hydrogeology is used in this study in order to protect ancient artifacts. Iron Age Museum of Tabriz is located in the central area of the city and among the young Quaternary sediments that form the free aquifer of Tabriz. Underground water is one of the main factors causing corrosion and decay in the bones in this museum site. There are various solutions for lowering the water table locally, which according to the location coordinates and technical requirements of the site, the best method is to use underground water pumping. In this study, by using the available data in the study zone which is taken from the Tabriz urban train project and the data obtained from the Regional Water Company of East Azarbaijan, by using computer methods, the appropriate amounts of water pumping have been simulated according to the optimal water level drop and We define the placement of bones in a dry position. The use of new sciences for archeometric purposes is the main goal of this study and an attempt is made to solve the problem of destruction of ancient bones by establishing this connection.
Keywords: Conservation, Groundwater, Pumping Well, Soil Moisture, Tabriz Iron Age Museum.

Introduction
The discovery of ancient bones belonging to the Iron Age of the first and second millennium BC in the area of Tabriz Blue Mosque in 1997 is an important event in the field of archeology and ancient anthropology in Azarbaijan. When this ancient area has been discovered, studies have been carried out in the fields of dating about these bones and studies related to the origin and the migration (Kasiri, 2019) and the conservation and restoration of the graves in the Iron Age Museum area in 2016 was carried out by Majidi and Razani. In recent years, the effect of humidity on buried organisms in the soil has been the subject of many researchers’ studies. Soil moisture can play an important role in decomposition (Swift et al, 1979). Fluctuations of groundwater in the soil is one of the most important factors affecting microbial activity in the field conditions (Lund and Goksoyr, 1980). Iron Age Museum of Tabriz is located in the central area of this city and among the young Quaternary sediments that form the unconfined groundwater aquifer of Tabriz. Tabriz aquifer has an alluvial nature, which has expanded as a result of the Mehran Rood River flowing in its ancient path and creating numerous meanders during geological time. Hydrogeology as a new branch of earth sciences and engineering studies the condition, behavior and hydrological characteristics of the layers of the earth. As a porous environment, the basement contains soil grains, and the empty space between these grains can be saturated with water and provide a path for the flow of groundwater. The voracity of water movement in the basement compared to the surface currents is very low and varies from a few centimeters per year to several meters per day. Due to passing through various minerals and rocks, groundwater often has a significant amount of different solutes and has relatively high electrical conductivity (E.C). These solutes can cause a lot of damage to cultural works by sedimentation or crystallization in case of evaporation of groundwater. The climatic conditions of each region are different in the occurrence of damaging moisture factors and their effects in different seasons of the year (Nawai, 2016). The amount of humidity in the environment, which can cause destruction due to freezing with the participation of the temperature change parameter, will cause serious damage due to the transport of new solutes and sedimentation at each stage and the recrystallization of previous sediments. In addition to the above, the penetration of moisture through underground water can change the pH of the environment, and this change causes the destruction of cultural works by increasing the acidity.

Discussion
Iron Age Museum of Tabriz, as a result of its archaeological excavations, 108 graves were identified, based on the typology of pottery and metal artefacts and the method of burial and comparing them with the collections discovered from the excavations of Hassanlou Hill and Dinkhah Tepe, dating from around 1200 to 800 BC and the period of Iron Age I and II have been estimated for them, which of course is relatively consistent with the results of carbon 14 dating of these sites (Hojbari Nubri, 1381 and 1383). Its cultural, historical, social and economic nature, along with the aesthetic quality and historical and cultural importance of that area; The type of constituent materials and the composition and method of construction of the works found in it, the value, validity and information and messages hidden in those findings and how they are used are valuable documents of its cultural heritage collection. These works, mainly from archaeological excavations, have been obtained over several years, and their preservation in relatively inappropriate conditions has led to the progress of damage caused by the burial of these objects in the ground, and after a rather long period of time, they will disappear (Bagherzadeh Kasiri, 2016, 8). Based on the studies of Tabriz Urban Railway line 1, water level data is available near the study area of Asr Ahan Museum site, and according to the principle that the groundwater level almost follows the topography, it is possible to estimate the groundwater level in The location of the museum was found. For this purpose, the water level data was collected in the study boreholes near the study area (Table 8) and the map of the ISO lines of ground water in the study area was drawn (Fig. 10). It is necessary to explain that ISO lines or equipotential lines of groundwater are curves on each of these curves, the level of ground water has the same values and the map of parallel lines shows the changes of the level of ground water in the study area. It is possible to draw this type of map both manually and by using software that allows for interpolation and drawing. Next, modeling of groundwater drawdown due to pumping from the extraction well was done using GMS software version 16.4. For archeological stratification, before installing the drilling machine, a manual well should be dug to the desired diameter and to the depth of the ground water, and after reaching the depth of the underground water, the drilling machine will continue drilling from inside this well until it hits The stone should be foamed.

Conclusion
The Iron Age Museum site of Tabriz is one of the prominent sites in the northwest of the Iran, which is facing major problems due to the groundwater infiltration. This research uses information and data of the studies of the aquifer of this region with taking account to the problem of how to intervene in the ancient sites. It has provided a solution to deal with the problem of groundwater in order to reduce its flow, and in this regard, by introducing the place of preliminary evaluations using speculation and Finally suggests a piezometric well to start working in this area and control the groundwater level. Noting that the change of seasons and amount of rainfall can affect the condition of groundwater to some extent; Therefore, by changing the flow rate and duration of pumping, other values of drawdown can be achieved. For this reason, it is suggested that if the plan is implemented, a piezometer well should be drill as close as possible to the museum site so that the condition of the groundwater as well as the amount of its draw done due to pumping from the extraction well can be under immediate control. To prevent the water used in the green space and other uses of the museum site from returning to the area of ancient graves, drainage channels should be used between the area and the main space of the museum.