Abstract
Scholars have been reading Assyrian texts for over a hundred years to locate the toponymys mentioned in the inscriptions. Some of these toponymys are located on the eastern borders of the territory of the new Assyrian empire in western Iran, one of which was the Ellipian kingdom. Inscriptions of the Neo Assyrian Period from Ashurnasirpal II (866 B.C) to Ashurbanipal (639 B.C.), had referring about 250 years to the Ellipian kingdom. Most archaeologists have located the Ellipian kingdom north of Pish-Koh in Luristan and south of Kermanshah. Over the last two decades, after the attribution of Genre of Luristan ware (Baba Jan III painted ware) to the kingdom of Ellipi by Louis Levine and later Yana Medvedskaya, researchers have tried to analyze the different cultural finds such as this type of ware in the context of the kingdom. The reason of researchers for attribute Genre of Luristan ware to Ellipian kingdon is the concurrence and distribution of this type of ware in the territory considered for kingdom of Ellipi. This study seeks to use the Historical archaeology approach, which relies on interpreting historical textual information in the context of archaeological data to provide an accurate and comprehensive analysis of this issue. This research indicates that attributing the archaeological findings of the early first millennium BC such as Genre of Luristan ware, to the kingdom of Ellipi is not valid. This attribution should be considered a hypothesis; basing it on analysis of findings will lead to misguidance and inaccurate results. On the one hand, there is no actual historical evidence for the exact location of the kingdom of Ellipi in the Pish-Koh of Luristan. On the other hand, according to the existence of nomadism in this region, adapting the distribution range of archaeological data such as Genre of Luristan ware with the historical information in Assyrian texts is problematic.
Keywords: Pish-Koh, 1st Millennium B.C, Genre of Luristan Ware, Kingdom of Ellipi, Historical Archaeology. 

Introduction
Scholars have been reading Assyrian texts for over a hundred years to locate the toponymys mentioned in the inscriptions. Some of these toponymys are located on the eastern borders of the territory of the new Assyrian empire in western Iran, one of which was the Ellipian kingdom. Inscriptions of the Neo Assyrian Period from Ashurnasirpal II (866 BC) to Ashurbanipal (639 BC), had referring about 250 years to the Ellipian kingdom. Most archaeologists have located the Ellipian kingdom north of Pish-Koh in Luristan and south of Kermanshah (Fig, 1). According to their studies, Kingdom of Ellipi include original range of Pish-koh, which From the north to the Gareen mountains(Harhar), in the northeast to along the Grien and in the East to Oshtoran-Koh (Media), from the south in the basin of Seymareh(Elam),in the West to Kabir-koh and in the North-West to South Harsin(Bit-Hamban)(Mollazah&Goudarzi,2016:89-92).

Genre of Luristan ware (Chronology, Stylistics& Attribution)  
The genre of Luristan ware, which was first emerged in the early first millennium BC, during the Iron Age IIB(950–800BC)& IIIA (800-650BC), was distributed in the settlement and graveyards of Pish-Koh region(Adachi, 2004: 81). The pottery is often called by Roman Ghirshman »Genre Luristan«, that were found from Giyan Tapeh(Contenau&Ghirshman,1935). Although after excavation at Baba Jan tape by Clare Goff, she named them »Baba Jan III painted ware«(Goff, 1978 : 29). Baba Jan III painted wares, decorated with the bow-tie designs, which has called the kite design. 
The appearance for about 300 years of genre of Luristan ware or Baba Jan III painted wares, can be divided into two phases old style and new style. Old style of genre of Luristan ware (Baba Jan III) is mostly handmade or thrown on a slow wheel. But the new style of this pottery (Baba Jan IIB) is made entirely by wheel. In addition to the Pish-Koh area, the new style of genre of luristan ware has been obtained in the south of Hersin (Goudarzi, 2017: 226). This phenomenon is the result of the expansion of cultural relations and has led to the evolution of technology and wheel maker genre of Luristan ware (Fig.2&3).  
Moorey suggested that genre of Luristan ware in the Iron Age Luristan can be generally attributed to invader from outside of this region(Moorey,1974:19). The invaders have been considered to be Kassites, Cimmerians, Median or Elamite people. Goff thinks that the culture of Baba Jan III was mist probably Median (Goff, 1968: 131). Medvedskaya believes that Baba Jan III painted ware belongs to the Ellipian kingdom (Medvedskaya, 1999:59). She says it cannot be Median, because it is quite different from the pottery found at Nush-I Jan tape.

Discussion 
Over the last two decades, after the attribution of genre of Luristan ware (Baba Jan III painted ware) to the kingdom of Ellipi by Louis Levine and later Yana Medvedskaya, Iranian researchers have tried to analyze the different cultural finds such as this type of ware in the context of the kingdom(Shishegar, 2006; Molazadeh&goudarzi,2016؛Garavand, 2014). The reason of researchers for attribute genre of Luristan ware to Ellipian kingdom is the concurrence and distribution of this type of ware in the territory considered for kingdom of Ellipi (Fig. 4). This study seeks to use the historical archaeology approach, which relies on interpreting historical textual information in the context of archaeological data to provide an accurate and comprehensive analysis of this issue. 
But the available resources for reconstruction of historical geography of Ellipian kingdom is limited to historical texts and analysis archaeological data. The historical data, on one hand, are limited to Assyrian inscriptions, which often look and more political sententious zoom describes their version of victories. On the other hand, no writing among on the land of the Babylonians and especially Elamite inscriptions about Ellipi that according to evidence have been good relationship with Ellipian achieved. In addition to according to Assyrian texts, three times by Assyrian army, the territory of Ellipian kingdom has been occupied. Bat yet no data had been obtained about the presence of the Assyrians in Pish-Koh. For example, Assyrian data such as seals and decorations found on the tapeh Giyan, not obtained in Pish-Koh of Luristan(Fig. 5).  Also finding a type of pottery in archaeological sites, can be no reason for a special ethnicity. Because the main data that anthropologists emphasize, such as clothing, etymology, language and etc., usually not available to archaeologists. 

Conclusion
In this study tried to answer the question that the attribution of genre luristan ware to Ellipian kingdom is true and meaningful? So with the comprehensive utilization of historical sources and archaeological data in context of the geographical features of the region, provide a logical analysis. This research indicates that attributing the archaeological findings of the early first millennium BC such as genre of Luristan ware, to the kingdom of Ellipi is not valid. This attribution should be considered a hypothesis; basing it on analysis of findings will lead to misguidance and inaccurate results. On the one hand, there is no actual historical evidence for the exact location of the kingdom of Ellipi in the Pish-Koh of Luristan. On the other hand, according to the existence of nomadism in this region, adapting the distribution range of archaeological data such as genre of Luristan ware with the historical information in Assyrian texts is problematic. Therefore, we can offer Pish –Koh area, in the historical geography of 1st millennium B.C, for location of Ellipan kingdom. But attribution of archaeological data and putting it on the basis of analysis will be a hasty and unscientific.  

Acknowledgment
Spatial thanks to Bill Partt (Royal Ontario Museum) for access to the excavation data of Jame- Shoran site. 

Conflict of Interest
This paper is an independent research of the author and has not conflict of interest with any organization.  

Abstract
Although seals are considered in more studies of art history, they can be an essential source for studying the socio-economic situation of ancient societies. The seal studied in this article was found during the Authors survey Gohargoosh Tepe with one of the local guides from the village of Fattahabad, Delfan County, Lorestan province, in the soil from looter digging part of the Tepe. Stylistically, the cylinder seals comparable to this seal were previously found in various areas in the western part and even in central Iran. This article attempts to answer questions concerning chronology and stylistics by studying and comparing the stylistics and iconography of the Gohargoosh seal with comparable samples. The other goal is to investigate the role of Ellipi in the first half of the first millennium BCE in Pish-i kuh and the potential relevance between their appearance in the region and the Assyrian seal case study in this article. By studying the Gohargoosh seal from various aspects, this seal likely belongs to the Iron Age II and from the ninth to the seventh centuries BCE, and its style is related to the Neo-Assyrian era, which can reflect the increased interaction between Iran and Mesopotamia after a dark and obscure period in the Iron Age I. 
Keywords: Pish-i Kuh, Ellipi, Assyrian Seals, Cylinder Seal, Gohargoosh Tepe.

Introduction
Relations between Iran and the Assyrian Empire increase sharply in the 9th to 7th centuries BCE. At this time, the Assyrians annexed large parts of western Iran to their empire. If we do not consider account of the cuneiform texts regarding the presence and domination of the Assyrians in western Iran, only a small number of archaeological finds can be pointed to long-term relations or the presence of Assyrians in the region. (Reade, 1995; Curtis, 2002; Radner, 2003; Alibaigi 2019). Recently, during a visit to Gohargoosh Delfan hill in Lorestan province and the Central Zagros, an Assyrian-style cylindrical seal was founded, which may lead to the relations between the Central Zagros and the Assyrian territory.

Gohargoosh Tepe
We know many settlements of the first millennium BCE in the Nurabad region that Gohargoosh is one of the largest. Considering that many Iranian Iron Age specialists recognize this region as part of the Ellipse realm and Assyrian written sources discuss the connections between Assyria and Ellipse (Medvedskaya, 1999; Grayson et al. 2014: 334; Grayson and Kirk, 1996), the study of the findings that provide clues to these connections can be exciting. This Tepe is located at the perimeter of Khaveh plain, 1.5 ha wide and 18 meters high (long 47.93932696 and lat 33.97512114, elevation 1700 ASL). Gohargoosh has been identified for the first time by Clare Goff, and according to the genre of Lorestan pottery, she has suggested the date of Iron Age II and III to occupation in this site (Goff, 1968: 107). In the survey of 1999, Garajian has pointed to the remains of Neolithic, Iron Age I, II and III, Parthian and fifth and sixth centuries AH in this site (Garajian et al., 2005: 47). In the Authors’ field inspection in 2021, the cylindrical seal investigated in this paper is found in the soil of one of the dig pits of Gohargoosh Tepe.

Cylindrical Seal
This seal is 2.3 cm high and 9 mm in diameter.  It is made of faience, with a hole in the center of its length to pass the string.  The seal impression represents two birds with open legs and wings and open-ended beaks that convey a state of conflict between two birds. The legs, body, neck, beak, tail, and wings are engraved by lines with feathers attached to them, and in some cases, by pressure. The front legs of the birds are separated, and the back legs are close to the frame line at the bottom of the design, and at the top of the left bird is a semicircular form close to the frame line (Figure 2). The birds have the exact similarities, and petty differences are symmetrically engraved opposite each other.

Stylistics and Dating
An executed design of great and probably monster birds on the seals of the eighth and ninth centuries BCE has been typical since dating to Shalmaneser III (858-823 BCE). For example, seal No. 1 in Figure 3, from Nimrud’s excavations, representing a group of great monster-like birds (Parker, 1955: 104). This seal, comparable to the Gohargoosh seal impression, comes from the North-west palace of Nimrud, probably Sargan II (722-705 BC) level, and Parker dating it to the Sargon II reign (Ibid). Another seal impression comparable to the Gohargoosh seal is a seal from Palestine, Level IX Baisan (Beth Shan), made of faience and represents a procession of birds, strutting, with wings raised (Figure 3: 2) (Parker, 1949: 31). A cylindrical seal in a personal collection in Los Angeles (Figure 3: 3), closely paralleled to Gohargoosh seal, showing the quarrel between two birds. The style of this seal is also Assyrian and dating to the 9th to 8th BCE.
Furthermore, in some sites excavated in Iran, such as the Surkh Dom-e Lori (Schmidt et al., 1989: 413), many cylindrical seals comparable to the Gohargoosh seal have been found. Schmidt seals No. 4, and 5 figure 3 of Surkh Dom-e Lori have been classified in Neo-Assyrian linear-style cylinder seals from the 9th-7th centuries BCE (Ibid, 416). From phase 7 and layer D of Goran in Hulailan valley, a seal impression on potsherd founded above floor level from the top of the T2 wall. The scene shows two complete figures and parts of two more (figure 3).  This seal impression referred by Thrane to Neo-Assyrian linear-style cylinder seals and dated to about 800 BCE (Thrane, 2001: 87). Moreover, there are several comparable seals to the Gohargoosh seal in the ancient Iranian Museum (Figure 3. No. 6, 7, 8, 9). These seals, attributed to the Qazvin region along the Silk Road, dated to the Iron Age III and are considered local seals influenced by the Assyrian style (Saed Mucheshi, 2015).

Conclusion
According to analogies of Stylistics, iconography, and chronology, the Gohargoosh seal is closely comparable to seals of Mesopotamia, western Iran, especially Pish-i Kuh Lorestan, and even the central plateau of Iran. This seal has a Neo-Assyrian style from the 9th-7th centuries BCE (the end of the Iron Age II and III). Unlike stagnation in both writing and archaeological evidence Iron Age I, regional and trans-regional interactions increased in the Iron Age II, especially with the Mesopotamian. Gohargoosh seal, an Assyrian-style seal, could have found its way to the region through trade, war booty, or population movements in such a context that we are witnessing an increase in Central Zagros interactions with neighboring areas. In addition to the importance of the Gohargoosh seal in art history and stylistics, it represents a socio-economic organization and presumably of regional and even trans-regional controlling economic and commercial management system in the late Iron Age II and Iron Age III. The development of such an economic system can consequence of the rise of the Ellipis power in Lorestan Pish-i Kuh.

Acknowledgment
We are very grateful to Mr. Kiyomarth Kohzadi from Fattahabad village who accompanied the authors during survey of Gohargoosh Tepe and found a cylindrical seal.

Observation Contribution
The percentage of authors’ participation to writing and conducting this article has been the same. 

Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this article.