Homayoun Khosheghbal, Mahid Montazer Zohouri,
year 0, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
The relationship between humans and nature has been a common feature throughout human history. In this two-way relationship, humans have utilized geographical conditions to increase productivity, while the geographical location has also influenced cultural attitudes and structures. This mutual relationship has led to compatibility with progress, evident in the architecture, establishment locations, access to resources, and other variables. The location of Ismaili Fortresses in Damghan city is also influenced by geographical conditions. Therefore, the main focus of this research is to gain a better understanding of how geographical variables have influenced the selection, creation, and continuation of settlements in Ismaili Fortresses. Through a descriptive and analytical approach, utilizing library resources, conducting an archaeological field survey of Damghan city, and using modern aerial imaging tools and geographic information system (GIS) analysis, this study aims to answer the question of how geographic variables have played a role in the selection and continuity of Ismaili Fortress settlements. Based on written sources, aerial images, and GIS analysis, it can be hypothesized that geographic variables such as altitude, climate, geology and mineral resources, water resources, and regional and extra-regional communication routes have played a significant role in the architecture and location selection of Fortresses, as well as the continued habitation in them. It is evident that these establishments served various purposes, including military, residential, and surveillance, and were strategically located for optimal use.
