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Parseh J. Archaeol. Stud. 2025, 9(32): 371-395 |
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Rahimi F, Razaghi A. (2025). Analysis and Typology of the Concept of Identity in Cultural-Historical Relics with a Look at UNESCO and ICOMOS Documents. Parseh J. Archaeol. Stud.. 9(32), 371-395. doi:10.61882/PJAS.1023
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/article-1-1023-en.html
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/article-1-1023-en.html
1- Ph. D Student of Restoration of cultural and historical objects, Department of Restoration of Cultural and Historical Objects, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration, Iran University of Art, Tehran, Iran.
2- Associate Professor, Department of Restoration and Conservation of Historical Buildings and Urban Fabrics, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration, Iran University of Art, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author). ,razeghi@art.ac.ir
2- Associate Professor, Department of Restoration and Conservation of Historical Buildings and Urban Fabrics, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration, Iran University of Art, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author). ,
Abstract: (906 Views)
Abstract
Identity is one of the concepts that has a wide meaning in humanities. In recent years, the issue of identity has become more important in the face of globalization. Therefore, the identity of cultural-historical rilcs with different concepts has been the subject of many international documents, including the Scientific and Cultural Educational Organization of the United Nations, UNESCO and the International Council of Monuments and Sites, ICOMOS. How the concept of identity has been considered in international documents related to cultural heritage, such as UNESCO and ICOMOS, is a question that this research addresses. Based on this, in the current research, the characteristics and dimensions of the concept of identity in these documents were examined and related concepts were extracted and analyzed. For this purpose, the identity contained in the mentioned documents was examined from the framework of social sciences. Studies related to social sciences have been used interpretatively and content analysis method to examine international documents. In the content analysis, after a detailed study of the texts, key phrases and codes were extracted and classified into three main categories and ten subcategories. The main categories include identity, identity characteristics and identity dimensions. By analyzing the obtained results, a model for investigating the identity of a cultural-historical relic was explained. According to this model, the identity type of the cultural-historical relics is one of the seven types of identity, which includes three one-dimensional types, three two-dimensional types, and one three-dimensional type. This model is useful in understanding the dimensions and identity aspects of cultural-historical rilcs. The importance of this model lies in the comprehensiveness of knowledge that is obtained in relation to cultural-historical relices, because the comprehensiveness of knowledge of cultural-historical relics makes it possible to take the most appropriate way to face them.
Keywords: Identity, Cultural-Historical Relics, UNESCO, ICOMOS, International Documents.
Introduction
In the contemporary century, with the emergence of the new trend of globalization, the main values related to cultural heritage faced emerging social and economic facts as well as sustainable environmental development. On the other hand, industrial developments were another factor that affected the disappearance of many cultures and even previous industries. For this reason, along with the growth of modern industrial society and globalization, sacred landscapes and sites are facing the danger of extinction. So that after the 19th century, we have witnessed the complete decline of some cultures, which have buried with them the knowledge of the location and meaning of the sacred sites and have erased them from our minds. However, there are many areas that still preserve their traditions. Accordingly, the issue of cultural identity has become one of the central issues in modern cultural policies and has become the subject of many international documents in different ways. Therefore, the purpose of this research is: ”to explain how the concept of identity in cultural-historical relics is based on UNESCO and ICOMOS documents”
In relation to how to deal with a relic, many documents have been compiled in recent years that have tried to help the protection of historical relics. Here there are questions related to the concept of identity, which are: How is the identity of cultural-historical relics explained in UNESCO and ICOMOS documents? How can the intrinsic and credit dimension of the identity of cultural-historical relics in the documents of UNESCO and ICOMOS be explained? The present research qualitatively answers the questions raised by relying on induction in ICOMUS and UNESCO documents. The content analysis method was used to study the documents. First, the main sentences related to the aforementioned study axes were selected and then the key sentences were extracted from the main sentences. In the next step, key sentences were coded. These codes were determined based on the concepts in the sentences. In the next step, the extracted codes were placed under subcategories and in the final step, the subcategories were classified under the main categories.
In this research, the statistical population includes 15 documents related to UNESCO and ICOMOS, which include regulations, recommendations and international charters from 1956 to 2005
Identified Traces
Based on content analysis in UNESCO and ICOMOS documents, three main categories have been formed under the title of identity, characteristics of identity, dimensions of identity.
That is, in these documents, attention has been paid to the concept of identity in the subcategories of cultural diversity, diversity of values and assets. In fact, in the documents, the concepts related to the identity characteristics of the cultural-historical relics were extracted, which includes the subset of aesthetic, cultural, social and special characteristics.
A number of extracted codes were placed in the main categories of identity dimensions based on the topic and content. These codes were classified in the subsets of intrinsic dimension, primary credit dimension and secondary credit dimension.
It can be said that the identity of the cultural-historical relics is based on having different dimensions, and the difference in their identity is due to the difference in their dimensions. Therefore, some cultural-historical relics are one-dimensional, some are two-dimensional, and some are three-dimensional. In fact, the effect is the result of the performance of these dimensions.
Based on the said identity dimensions, it is possible to explain a model based on limit cases for a cultural-historical relic. The importance of these limit states is that it makes it easy to understand the identity dimensions of the relics and avoids identifying some identity dimensions. It also guides us to know which part of the identity of the relic is damaged. As a result, it contributes to the pre-studies of conservation and restoration and causes them to be pathological, as a result, identity measures are carried out in such a way as to avoid the identity crisis of the cultural-historical relic.
Conclusion
In cultural-historical relics, the mentioned dimensions in interaction with each other form the identity of the relic. Interaction in identity in one-dimensional relics is formed among the characteristics of the same dimension, and in relics with two-dimensional and three-dimensional identity, the interaction between the characteristics of each dimension is formed with other dimensions. In two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases, it is formed with an intermediate space between its different dimensions. In this space, the identity dimensions of the relic interact with each other to create a common space. This space is actually an intermediate space that is formed between different dimensions of the relic, which is different in each relic according to its unique position. The identity dimensions of the relic interact with each other at the point of intersection, and this makes each relic express its identity according to which one of the dimensions is closer. Identity development is not the result of a single aspect. Rather, it is a formative thing based on the dialogue of different aspects of the relic. This means that all aspects of the relic are in a mutual relationship and none of these aspects alone can form the identity of the historical-cultural relic.
Identity is one of the concepts that has a wide meaning in humanities. In recent years, the issue of identity has become more important in the face of globalization. Therefore, the identity of cultural-historical rilcs with different concepts has been the subject of many international documents, including the Scientific and Cultural Educational Organization of the United Nations, UNESCO and the International Council of Monuments and Sites, ICOMOS. How the concept of identity has been considered in international documents related to cultural heritage, such as UNESCO and ICOMOS, is a question that this research addresses. Based on this, in the current research, the characteristics and dimensions of the concept of identity in these documents were examined and related concepts were extracted and analyzed. For this purpose, the identity contained in the mentioned documents was examined from the framework of social sciences. Studies related to social sciences have been used interpretatively and content analysis method to examine international documents. In the content analysis, after a detailed study of the texts, key phrases and codes were extracted and classified into three main categories and ten subcategories. The main categories include identity, identity characteristics and identity dimensions. By analyzing the obtained results, a model for investigating the identity of a cultural-historical relic was explained. According to this model, the identity type of the cultural-historical relics is one of the seven types of identity, which includes three one-dimensional types, three two-dimensional types, and one three-dimensional type. This model is useful in understanding the dimensions and identity aspects of cultural-historical rilcs. The importance of this model lies in the comprehensiveness of knowledge that is obtained in relation to cultural-historical relices, because the comprehensiveness of knowledge of cultural-historical relics makes it possible to take the most appropriate way to face them.
Keywords: Identity, Cultural-Historical Relics, UNESCO, ICOMOS, International Documents.
Introduction
In the contemporary century, with the emergence of the new trend of globalization, the main values related to cultural heritage faced emerging social and economic facts as well as sustainable environmental development. On the other hand, industrial developments were another factor that affected the disappearance of many cultures and even previous industries. For this reason, along with the growth of modern industrial society and globalization, sacred landscapes and sites are facing the danger of extinction. So that after the 19th century, we have witnessed the complete decline of some cultures, which have buried with them the knowledge of the location and meaning of the sacred sites and have erased them from our minds. However, there are many areas that still preserve their traditions. Accordingly, the issue of cultural identity has become one of the central issues in modern cultural policies and has become the subject of many international documents in different ways. Therefore, the purpose of this research is: ”to explain how the concept of identity in cultural-historical relics is based on UNESCO and ICOMOS documents”
In relation to how to deal with a relic, many documents have been compiled in recent years that have tried to help the protection of historical relics. Here there are questions related to the concept of identity, which are: How is the identity of cultural-historical relics explained in UNESCO and ICOMOS documents? How can the intrinsic and credit dimension of the identity of cultural-historical relics in the documents of UNESCO and ICOMOS be explained? The present research qualitatively answers the questions raised by relying on induction in ICOMUS and UNESCO documents. The content analysis method was used to study the documents. First, the main sentences related to the aforementioned study axes were selected and then the key sentences were extracted from the main sentences. In the next step, key sentences were coded. These codes were determined based on the concepts in the sentences. In the next step, the extracted codes were placed under subcategories and in the final step, the subcategories were classified under the main categories.
In this research, the statistical population includes 15 documents related to UNESCO and ICOMOS, which include regulations, recommendations and international charters from 1956 to 2005
Identified Traces
Based on content analysis in UNESCO and ICOMOS documents, three main categories have been formed under the title of identity, characteristics of identity, dimensions of identity.
That is, in these documents, attention has been paid to the concept of identity in the subcategories of cultural diversity, diversity of values and assets. In fact, in the documents, the concepts related to the identity characteristics of the cultural-historical relics were extracted, which includes the subset of aesthetic, cultural, social and special characteristics.
A number of extracted codes were placed in the main categories of identity dimensions based on the topic and content. These codes were classified in the subsets of intrinsic dimension, primary credit dimension and secondary credit dimension.
It can be said that the identity of the cultural-historical relics is based on having different dimensions, and the difference in their identity is due to the difference in their dimensions. Therefore, some cultural-historical relics are one-dimensional, some are two-dimensional, and some are three-dimensional. In fact, the effect is the result of the performance of these dimensions.
Based on the said identity dimensions, it is possible to explain a model based on limit cases for a cultural-historical relic. The importance of these limit states is that it makes it easy to understand the identity dimensions of the relics and avoids identifying some identity dimensions. It also guides us to know which part of the identity of the relic is damaged. As a result, it contributes to the pre-studies of conservation and restoration and causes them to be pathological, as a result, identity measures are carried out in such a way as to avoid the identity crisis of the cultural-historical relic.
Conclusion
In cultural-historical relics, the mentioned dimensions in interaction with each other form the identity of the relic. Interaction in identity in one-dimensional relics is formed among the characteristics of the same dimension, and in relics with two-dimensional and three-dimensional identity, the interaction between the characteristics of each dimension is formed with other dimensions. In two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases, it is formed with an intermediate space between its different dimensions. In this space, the identity dimensions of the relic interact with each other to create a common space. This space is actually an intermediate space that is formed between different dimensions of the relic, which is different in each relic according to its unique position. The identity dimensions of the relic interact with each other at the point of intersection, and this makes each relic express its identity according to which one of the dimensions is closer. Identity development is not the result of a single aspect. Rather, it is a formative thing based on the dialogue of different aspects of the relic. This means that all aspects of the relic are in a mutual relationship and none of these aspects alone can form the identity of the historical-cultural relic.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Interdisciplinary
Received: 2024/03/5 | Accepted: 2024/05/5 | Published: 2025/08/23
Received: 2024/03/5 | Accepted: 2024/05/5 | Published: 2025/08/23
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