Volume 8, Issue 3 (11-2025)                   KCR 2025, 8(3): 49-63 | Back to browse issues page

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Majidi Khameneh F. Recognizing Environmental Rationality and Indigenous Knowledge Patterns in the Protection of Outdoor Sculptures: Bird Repellent Patterns. KCR 2025; 8 (3) :49-63
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-396-en.html
Recognizing Environmental Rationality and Indigenous Knowledge Patterns in the Protection of Outdoor Sculptures: Bird Repellent Patterns
Farideh Majidi Khameneh *
Assistant Professor, of Anthropology, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:   (23 Views)
Outdoor sculptures, as part of cultural heritage, in addition to beautifying cities, play an important role in conveying messages to observers and giving identity to passages, and constitute an important part of art history. The durability of these structures is threatened by atmospheric, human and environmental factors and they are subject to erosion over time. Birds and their droppings are a serious threat to these sculptures and cause numerous damages and corrosion. Even after restoration and spending time and money, this threat remains. The main research question is about what are the solutions and patterns of indigenous knowledge for repelling birds. With the aim of recognizing environmental rationality and extracting patterns, 50 ethnographic reports in the field of indigenous knowledge were examined using meta-synthesis and content analysis methods. Based on the findings, these patterns include:1- Pattern of deprivation of nesting, settlement and food. 2- Pattern of sound phobia. 3- Pattern of fear of moving objects. 4- Pattern of staring at birds' eyes. 5- Pattern of color phobia (birds' fear of a specific color) and 6- Pattern of odor phobia (birds' fear of a specific smell). The research results help to identify areas of synergy between anthropological studies, knowledge of historical preservation, and urban design, and indicate the flexibility of heritage knowledge to solve new problems, as well as the high levels of environmental understanding of indigenous scholars. This rationality is the result of centuries of experience in other areas of life, such as agriculture and gardening, in combating bird damage. Native methods are environmentally friendly, economical, accessible, sustainable and renewable compared to modern methods of bird control.
Keywords: Ethnography, indigenous knowledge, outdoor sculptures, birds, conservation, environmental Rationality.
     
Type of Study: Research, Original, Regular | Subject: Conservation and restoration of historical-cultural architectural objects and decorations.
Received: 2025/04/13 | Accepted: 2025/11/2 | Published: 2025/11/30
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