Stone monuments in open natural spaces (such as statues, monuments, petroglyphs, motifs, rock paintings and carvings, historical monuments and archaeological sites) are usually surrounded by communities of various living organisms. These living organisms choose a place to grow and live according to specific conditions such as the type of rock bed, climatic and geographical factors. This article examines the effects of several examples of the presence of these biological communities (bacteria, fungi, algae and lichen), trees, shrubs, grasses, insects and animals in the Parseh and Pasargadae complexes. Awareness of biodiversity and the type of possible damage caused by these organisms is essential for managing preventive conservation programs and the fundamental restoration of World Heritage sites and their healthy transmission to future generations.