RICHT Journal
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Volume 44, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Athar 2024, 44(4): 568-590 |
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Rashednia Z, Salehi Kakhki A. (2024). Comparative Analysis of the Buildings enjoying Plaster-Tile Muqarnas in the Timurid and Turkmen of the Present Iran. Athar. 44(4), 568-590. doi:10.22034/44.4.568
URL: http://athar.richt.ir/article-2-1800-en.html
URL: http://athar.richt.ir/article-2-1800-en.html
1- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Conservation & Restoration, Art University of Isfahan,
Abstract: (2058 Views)
Muqarnas is an architectural element often used in entrance porches, Iwans, squinches of domes, and other structures. It can be made from various materials such as brick, plaster, tile, or a combination of materials such as brick-tile or plaster-tile. During the Timurid and Turkomen (Torcoman) periods, intricate and artistic plaster muqarnas were created, on their horizontal/flat/panel surfaces decorated with tiles.
This research not only showcases a number of buildings which enjoy plaster-tile muqarnas that belong to the periods mentioned above but also investigates and evaluates the location of muqarnas, types of motifs, inscriptions, execution and decoration techniques, and the color of tile glaze. This article also aims to find commonalities between the tile motifs found in plaster muqarnas and other tileworks from the periods in question.
The research methodology is based on data gathering through field research and documentary resources. It uses an interpretative-historical approach to analyze the data obtained from the case studies. The results, obtained from the study of six buildings, indicate that this decorative method was only prevalent in a limited region of Iran, in the two provinces of Yazd and Fars, during the said period. All of the aforementioned tilework decorations were executed using a combined technique of Mo’araq (mosaic) and La‘āb-parān (glaze-removing), along with various vegetal, geometric, and inscription motifs. In terms of tile motifs, there are common features among the tile decorations of the periods under study including: multi-petaled flowers with each petal ending in a motif resembling a flower/bud/leaf, teardrop shapes, often executed using the La‘āb-parān technique and transformation of the central Kufic inscription into a knot pattern (eight-pointed geometric pattern).
This research not only showcases a number of buildings which enjoy plaster-tile muqarnas that belong to the periods mentioned above but also investigates and evaluates the location of muqarnas, types of motifs, inscriptions, execution and decoration techniques, and the color of tile glaze. This article also aims to find commonalities between the tile motifs found in plaster muqarnas and other tileworks from the periods in question.
The research methodology is based on data gathering through field research and documentary resources. It uses an interpretative-historical approach to analyze the data obtained from the case studies. The results, obtained from the study of six buildings, indicate that this decorative method was only prevalent in a limited region of Iran, in the two provinces of Yazd and Fars, during the said period. All of the aforementioned tilework decorations were executed using a combined technique of Mo’araq (mosaic) and La‘āb-parān (glaze-removing), along with various vegetal, geometric, and inscription motifs. In terms of tile motifs, there are common features among the tile decorations of the periods under study including: multi-petaled flowers with each petal ending in a motif resembling a flower/bud/leaf, teardrop shapes, often executed using the La‘āb-parān technique and transformation of the central Kufic inscription into a knot pattern (eight-pointed geometric pattern).
Keywords: Plaster Muqarnas, Mosaic (Mo’araq) Tile, Combination of plaster and tiles, Timurid and Turkoman periods, flat (Takht)/panel (Takhteh).
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Researches related to cultural heritage
Received: 2023/07/5 | Accepted: 2024/01/17 | Published: 2024/10/6
Received: 2023/07/5 | Accepted: 2024/01/17 | Published: 2024/10/6
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