The tomb of Sheikh Ali-Naqi Estahbanati is one of the national heritage and identity of the country, which has been subjected to many deliberate encroachments and destructions. After ten years of destroying its enclosure walls, not only has no action been taken to conserve and restore it, rather, some have claimed that this building is a Qajar mosque, and also the Sheikh's tomb is in Esfahan. Hence, the question arises as to how extremism has threatened the survival of the Sheikh's tomb? It seems that ideological differences and religious extremism perceptions have become a motive for the destruction of this tomb and the historical distortion of the sheikh's background and burial. The aim of this research is to get acquainted with “Extremist vandalism”, and its role in the destruction of this tomb, and to raise awareness about this issue. To further this issue, theories of vandalism, descriptive-analytical method, and library-documentary sources have been used. The findings show that the extremism has become a threat to the survival of Sheikh Ali-Naqi Estabanati's complex by using the functions of distortion, destruction and obstruction of restoration, and historical distortion is a supplement to the projects of destruction and obstruction of restoration, in order to reduce the sensitivity and social pressure and the indifference of the responsible agencies. Therefore, it needs documentation and consciousness-raising through the production of scientific and media content and the follow-up of social groups and activists.