Urban tourism management policies should be in a way that impedes conflicts between the interests of tourism and other urban functions in order to control the negative consequences of the complexity of the flow of tourism and its positive consequences in various dimensions. Tehran’s urban tourism has faced many challenges in recent decades. While the metropolis has a special status (administrative and economic political centrality), its historical background has the potential to attract domestic and foreign tourists. The purpose of this study, while introducing a brief overview of Tehran’s urban tourism plans, is to identify tourism development strategies for Tehran as a metropolis, since potential capabilities have provided a suitable basis for tourism to be used as one of the major advantages in the development of Tehran. In this research, the documentary and library method has been tried. By reviewing the structure of urban tourism management and plans implemented in this field, the current performance of Tehran’s urban tourism management should be investigated. The results of the research indicate that Tehran’s tourism abilities are not fully utilized by the management of urban tourism, which has caused Tehran not to have a desirable position in tourism despite its potent abundance.

Ecotourism is a new trend in the tourism industry that introduces landscapes and beautiful scenery of nature as its attractions. Therefore, it is essential to consider importance of its role in environmental preservation to achieve a sustainable development. Forest management plan VAZ 2 Series with an area of 2094 hectares and part of the watershed 49 in the north of Iran, plays an important role in this field with its rich ecotourism abilities and attractions. The purpose of this research is the priority of the criteria for determining the potential forest management plan VAZ 2 Series for ecotourism sustainable development using multi-criteria decision-making techniques (Entropy and TOPSIS). In this study, Delphi group decision making method was used to determine the criteria for ecotourism sustainable development. Also, prioritization of the criteria was evaluated by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques Entropy and TOPSIS. Based on the results of Delphi questionnaires, 10 criteria were determined for ecotourism sustainable development of forest management plan VAZ 2 Series. These criteria included slope, direction, elevation, soil logy, geology, road, typology, afforestation, view shed and hydrology. The results of weighting the criteria using the Entropy technique showed that slope with weight (0/168668), view shed with weight (0/092607), hydrology with weight (0/092478), road with weight (0.092437) have the highest weight among other criteria respectively. Also, the results of prioritization of the criteria using TOPSIS technique showed that geology, slope, and elevation, have higher priority compared to other criteria. Then, the layers were merged to creating plan VAZ 2 Series ecological capability map. Finally, their outputs were prepared as capability maps in four classes including very inappropriate, inappropriate, appropriate and very suitable for ecological evaluation of VAZ 2 Series. The results showed that 40% of this Series was in suitable class (837.6 ha), 30% in very suitable class (628.2 ha), 20% in very inadequate class (418.8 ha) and 10% is located on unsuitable class (209.4 ha). The results of this study indicated that the VAZ 2 Series forestry plan has the potential to provide ecotourism services.

Due to the vulnerability of Hyrcanian forests, maintaining and improving its management is of paramount importance. Therefore, considering the different types of management, the impact of management on the sites should be determined. In this study, landscape modeling and land use changes were performed in ENVI5.3 and Arcmap10.5 softwares. Hyrcanian forests are the most important natural resources and are now part of the world natural heritage. That’s why conservation and planning are so important for maintaining it. Land use changes and deforestation were modelled using satellite images from 1933 to 2016 were studied using landscape indices such as spots, density and continuity of 2026. The results showed a 10% degradation trend over the period. Deforestation is affected by the landscape. Maintaining a sensitive area like looking at the continuity and density of forests is a very important area. As it has been shown, the sustainability of forest areas is highly dependent on the size of the forest patch, and the development of roads increases the boundaries and margins along that patch size, eventually reducing congestion and increasing the scope for human aggression. Although the density and centrality of the forest have a low relationship with forest protection from degradation, it is observed that the spots with this low ratio have higher degradability, as the isolated patches experience greater vulnerability. Landscape is the most important factor in the destruction of forests in the North, especially if viewed on a mosaic scale.