Knowing natural and human potentials of each area makes it possible for the development planning to be done based on the current situation and its potential. Typical tourism areas of the country are one of the key issues in policy making and tourism development, where attracting private sector investment, will provide sustainable regional development. The aim of this study is choosing a touristic area between the three regions Khranq, Saryazd and Narin Castle in Yazd province. The data was collected using documentaries and field research and data collection tool is a questionnaire with simple random sampling. In this study, to select and prioritize the tourism area, ANP (Analytic Network Process) of multi-criteria decision making techniques were used. Results obtained from AHP analysis showed that, taking into account the environmental criteria, tourism potential, economic potential and the role and impact of weight management, Mehriz Saryazd area is more adequate than the other two regions for investments in Yazd province. Narin Castle is second by a small margin. Also according to the technique used in the prioritization and the results, the pattern can be used for planning for the areas of other provinces. 

Today, the tourism industry has been recognized as an important and influential factor in the global economy, and the various countries of the world are taking advantage of this industry to achieve sustainable economic, social, cultural development, and so on. In this industry, natural attractions have a dual value; one of the most important forms is ecotourism or natural tourism. Not only governmental organizations, but private organizations also have only a superficial understanding of ecotourism activities; as it is still at the beginning point, the economic, social and cultural effects of ecotourism’s development in Iran have not yet been identified. With the aim of identifying and introducing ecotourism attractions, this research presents a clear picture of the ecotourism conditions of Yazd province and the effects of these natural capacities on tourism development. Finally, there are some practical solutions for the development of ecotourism in Yazd province. This is a descriptive-analytical research and data was collected using documentary, surveying and field studies methods. The SOAR analytical technique has been used to elaborate a development strategy and to describe the strengths, opportunities, aspirations and measurable results. Based on the results obtained, with regard to the identified strengths such as the existence of areas of people’s participation in the tourism activities and Yazd province being located in Central Iran, etc., opportunities have been provided such as increasing employment and development of the province, which ultimately, will lead to opportunities, such as achieving a sustainable environment, reaching the highest levels of prosperity and comfort in the province, achieving full employment, etc. It is also expected to achieve results such as doubling of funding, the creation of a camp and a recreational hotel in Shirkouh area and the construction of a traditional restaurants with garden in the countryside of Deh-bala and Sunnij.

The impact of tourism on urban structures and spaces has led tourism to be of particular importance to urban management, and suggests to city managers that improving the quality of these spaces and creating suitable facilities for tourists such as residential centers, recreation areas, and the provision of equipment and modern furniture may urban attract visitors to urban public spaces and ultimately attracts tourists. Urban public spaces and the quality of these spaces are one of the most important indicators of sustainable development of urban tourism, the development of which requires more attention, especially that it has a particular impact on the urban economy and targets the improvement of the economic situation of citizens. The 4th district of Tehran, which is the subject of this study, consists of the view of the Alborz mountain range and green areas such as the valleys of the Lar and Latian dam and the green valleys of Fasham, Oshan and Meigoon, and the recreational sports areas of Darband, Shemshak and Abalei in the east of the Tehran metropolitan area. This area is one of the most populous, most migratory and most resource-intensive areas that because of the largest protected area (Lavizan Forest Park) is distinguished from other parts of Tehran. Sustainable economic development of urban tourism is one of the tools for improving the quality of life of citizens and improving the environmental space of this applied area, which requires appropriate tourism facilities for leisure time and developing tourism. This research is a descriptive-analytic study used to collect data using field and documentary methods. Data were analyzed by T-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests using SPSS software. The results of the research show that the studied area has a relatively stable economic sustainability. Also, the results of one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test show that the price is the most important factor affecting the sustainable economic development of tourism.

 One of the factors influencing human life, health and well-being, especially the factors that should be considered in tourism, is climate. Climate and tourism have a great deal to do with each other, so that having favorable climate conditions is considered as a potential advantage for tourism, and most travelers are mindful of the location and time of travel to the climatic conditions. The expression of the climate of comfort is usually expressed by indicators in which a set of meteorological, human and environmental elements are involved. These indicators present climate data in a way that reflects the response of individuals to climatic conditions, and in numerical categorization, range from very appropriate to very inappropriate. These indicators facilitate the interpretation of the complex effects of atmospheric elements on human comfort and make it possible to compare different places from an ecological point of view. In this paper, using the statistics of synoptic stations in Kurdistan province, human health conditions have been analyzed based on bioclimatic indexes (stress, effective temperature, CPI index and THI index), and the results are as follows: Months May, June, August and September have a very favorable climate, and the months of July and October have relatively favorable conditions for tourist planning and utilization in the province. In general, the best time to travel to West Azerbaijan is spring and summer, as well as the most unfavorable the tourism programs in this province.

Canvas tourism is a responsive journey to natural attractions where the environment is preserved and the well-being of local people is taken care of. The economy of countries that rely on a single source of income are affected by the least fluctuations in prices. Therefore, diversifying the sources of income of the country and relying on non-oil exports is one of the solutions. One of the strategies for the optimal use of diverse attractions is the development of tourism in the country. The present study is descriptive. The statistical population of the study was all households in rural areas of Damavand (25,655 households), of which 383 were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that has been constructed using previous studies as well as theoretical framework of research and includes economic indicators. In order to ensure validity, the questionnaire was put at the disposal of the experts. To assess the reliability, the results of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were equal to 0.903. Data analysis was performed using SPSS19. To analyze the hypotheses, one-sample-t-test and Friedman test have been used. The results showed that the implementation of ecotourism tours in Damavand has positive effects for local community.

Urban tourism management policies should be in a way that impedes conflicts between the interests of tourism and other urban functions in order to control the negative consequences of the complexity of the flow of tourism and its positive consequences in various dimensions. Tehran’s urban tourism has faced many challenges in recent decades. While the metropolis has a special status (administrative and economic political centrality), its historical background has the potential to attract domestic and foreign tourists. The purpose of this study, while introducing a brief overview of Tehran’s urban tourism plans, is to identify tourism development strategies for Tehran as a metropolis, since potential capabilities have provided a suitable basis for tourism to be used as one of the major advantages in the development of Tehran. In this research, the documentary and library method has been tried. By reviewing the structure of urban tourism management and plans implemented in this field, the current performance of Tehran’s urban tourism management should be investigated. The results of the research indicate that Tehran’s tourism abilities are not fully utilized by the management of urban tourism, which has caused Tehran not to have a desirable position in tourism despite its potent abundance.

Today, the tourism industry is one of the key sources to income, employment and infrastructure to achieve sustainable development. The infrastructural approach currently used in planning the tourism industry and in other types of development is to achieve sustainable development. With an overview, we can see the weak position of the border regions in comparison with the central regions of the country in the process of national and regional development. The purpose of this study is to develop the province of Kermanshah in order to develop sustainable tourism.
This is a descriptive-analytical research and data collection has been done through documentary and library and field studies and has been used to identify the capabilities, potentials, constraints and deficiencies of sustainable tourism in Kermanshah province. Analyzing the data, the SWOT model and map drawing from GIS have been used. The findings indicate that Kermanshah province, despite its high tourist capacity and strategic location in the region, faces a lack of infrastructure, welfare facilities, and advertising and also management issues.

The forest is one of the valuable resources that nature has provided to humans. The Hyrcani forests - also called the Caspian and northern forests - are one of the oldest forests in the world having survived millions of years, from the Third Age of Geology and the Ice Age. Due to the need to increase rangelands and gardens in different periods in Iran, natural disasters, vilification, heterogeneous crop changes, pests, diseases and deforestation have caused large levels of Harkani forests to be reduced and destroyed. The proposal to register these valuable forests was initiated by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage in 2017 and was sent to the UNESCO Secretariat two years later. After field evaluation in 2018, at the forty-third meeting of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, in Baku, these forests were listed as the twenty-fourth Iranian registered heritage on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Proper and scientific management of the recorded areas of the Hyrcani forests not only can be a source of protection for these works, but can also generate employment for thousands of people. Challenges of this valuable natural habitat include exploitation, livestock grazing, land use change, lowland elevation and elevation, and threats to natural factors include pests and diseases, fires and natural erosion.

People have long believed in the healing power of herbs. The influence of herbs on human life has been instrumental in shaping the structure of myths, and people’s beliefs. There are different approaches to the use of medicinal herbs in the culture of Iranian ethnicity, each of which, based on the experiences of Iranian ethnicity, can be seen in different therapeutic patterns. One of the mentioned species is found in the region of Hircani forests of Northern Khorasan. Hyrcanian forests of North Khorasan are of great ecological importance because of their location in the dry, semi-arid and Caspian region. This is why the variety of herbs, especially medicinal herbs, is visible in that area. This article aimed to examine the medicinal herbs of the easternmost Hircani forests in Northern Khorasan.

Ecotourism is a new trend in the tourism industry that introduces landscapes and beautiful scenery of nature as its attractions. Therefore, it is essential to consider importance of its role in environmental preservation to achieve a sustainable development. Forest management plan VAZ 2 Series with an area of 2094 hectares and part of the watershed 49 in the north of Iran, plays an important role in this field with its rich ecotourism abilities and attractions. The purpose of this research is the priority of the criteria for determining the potential forest management plan VAZ 2 Series for ecotourism sustainable development using multi-criteria decision-making techniques (Entropy and TOPSIS). In this study, Delphi group decision making method was used to determine the criteria for ecotourism sustainable development. Also, prioritization of the criteria was evaluated by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques Entropy and TOPSIS. Based on the results of Delphi questionnaires, 10 criteria were determined for ecotourism sustainable development of forest management plan VAZ 2 Series. These criteria included slope, direction, elevation, soil logy, geology, road, typology, afforestation, view shed and hydrology. The results of weighting the criteria using the Entropy technique showed that slope with weight (0/168668), view shed with weight (0/092607), hydrology with weight (0/092478), road with weight (0.092437) have the highest weight among other criteria respectively. Also, the results of prioritization of the criteria using TOPSIS technique showed that geology, slope, and elevation, have higher priority compared to other criteria. Then, the layers were merged to creating plan VAZ 2 Series ecological capability map. Finally, their outputs were prepared as capability maps in four classes including very inappropriate, inappropriate, appropriate and very suitable for ecological evaluation of VAZ 2 Series. The results showed that 40% of this Series was in suitable class (837.6 ha), 30% in very suitable class (628.2 ha), 20% in very inadequate class (418.8 ha) and 10% is located on unsuitable class (209.4 ha). The results of this study indicated that the VAZ 2 Series forestry plan has the potential to provide ecotourism services.

Hyrcanian forest is an outstanding remnant of ancient natural forests of the world. These forests were inscribed as a natural world heritage of UNESCO on 2019. This paper introduces importance of this unique natural ecosystem.  The situation of these forests which are surrounded by deserts, presence of Relict Tree Species, the last remarkable remnants of virgin forests of deciduous broad-leaved forests
allover the world, Wide Longitudinal Range with length about 850 Km, Altitudinal Diversity of Hyrcanian forests where Altitude varies from 0 to 2850m asl, High Geological and Geomorphologic Diversity, Very Variable from the stand point of Climate, Various Environmental Conditions cause Variable Ecological Diversity and Habitats, High biological diversity, hotspot of bird biodiversity in the world, precedence belong to 25-50 million years ago, presence of old growth trees, locating in main immigration path of migratory birds and plentiful endemic species are some remarkable characteristics of this valuable forest ecosystem.

Due to the vulnerability of Hyrcanian forests, maintaining and improving its management is of paramount importance. Therefore, considering the different types of management, the impact of management on the sites should be determined. In this study, landscape modeling and land use changes were performed in ENVI5.3 and Arcmap10.5 softwares. Hyrcanian forests are the most important natural resources and are now part of the world natural heritage. That’s why conservation and planning are so important for maintaining it. Land use changes and deforestation were modelled using satellite images from 1933 to 2016 were studied using landscape indices such as spots, density and continuity of 2026. The results showed a 10% degradation trend over the period. Deforestation is affected by the landscape. Maintaining a sensitive area like looking at the continuity and density of forests is a very important area. As it has been shown, the sustainability of forest areas is highly dependent on the size of the forest patch, and the development of roads increases the boundaries and margins along that patch size, eventually reducing congestion and increasing the scope for human aggression. Although the density and centrality of the forest have a low relationship with forest protection from degradation, it is observed that the spots with this low ratio have higher degradability, as the isolated patches experience greater vulnerability. Landscape is the most important factor in the destruction of forests in the North, especially if viewed on a mosaic scale.

Evaluation of ecological potential for different land uses is an effective step in assessing environmental or land use planning. Site selection for a park is subject to ecological capacity assessment and economic and social needs of the area. In this study, a systematic analysis method was used to overlay maps of resources in order to evaluate the recreational potential of the Vergavij area located in the southern part of Noshahr and Chalus cities with an area of 6650 hectares. Firstly, the slope, direction and elevation maps were used. Topography of the area was plotted on a scale of 1: 25000. Then, by merging them, a map of the Earth was formed. By mapping the shape of land - soil classes and vegetation, environmental units were mapped. Finally, comparing the units with the local tourism model, the map of centralized and extensive recreation was obtained. The socio-economic status of the villagers was also identified through face-to-face interviews. The results showed that the study area lacks centralized recreation class; 78.2% of the area has the potential of different types of recreation, as 45.4% of the area has first-degree broad-leisure potential and 32.8% has second-degree of centralized recreational potential. Also, 21.8% of the area had no recreational potential which was considered as a protected area of the park.