2 A Reflection on Content and Qualities of Proverbs

As a part of a broader study in the field of linguistic paremiology, the present article offers a critical study of the existing definitions of different phraseologisms and then suggests a new set of definitions based on a number of linguistic components. First, we will briefly introduce “paremiotics”, which is a term suggested here for paremiology and paremiography combined. Then, we will argue that traditional definitions do not clearly differentiate various kinds of phraseologisms. We believe that linguistic paremiotics belongs to the field of “phraseotics”, which is a term suggested for phraseology + phraseography. As a result, any possible attempt to define different phraseologisms must remain loyal to the principles of phraseology. The present study explores the discursive structure of proverb usage as well as the internal linguistic structure of proverbs, so that to come to a set of linguistic components which are able to build up various phraseologisms in combination with each other. These components belong to phraseology in corpus linguistics, morphosyntactic structure of the phraseologisms in question, speech act theory in pragmatics, intertextuality, and narratology. We will argue that phraseologisms are complicated. linguistic products being made in the interface between various linguistic levels. Therefore, their definition must contain measurable components from each and every level.

Semiotics of Collective Memory of the Iran-Iraq War (Holy Defence): A Case Study of the Shared Images in Virtual Social Networks

This study aims to achieve a semiotic understanding of collective memory of the Iran-Iraq war. For this purpose, samples of images in virtual social networks shared in response to the news of discovery and return of the bodies of more than 175 divers have been analyzed. Visual signs in photographs, cartoons, graphic designs, prints, paintings and posters, in methods of historical pictures and frame-images, give forms and contents to the collective memory of the Iran-Iraq war. To identify signs that represent the past and discern their roles in the narrative patterns of the collective memory of war for today›s society, Peirce and Geertz›s theories have been used. The results show several themes in the narrative patterns of the collective memory of war, which include: the sanctity of patriotic death, contrastive meaning of everyday life and heroic life, sincerity against corruption in the models of action, shift to the body, martyr›s body as a cultural object, and the politicization of the collective memory of war. These themes reflect the occurrence of fundamental changes in the system of representation of war in three decades have passed since the end of war.

Right to the City and Urban Public Spaces

Right to the city is composed of appropriation and participation in urban affairs. Appropriation is realized through movement in the city, presence in it, comfort feeling, and having proper spaces. While urban participation is possible through being involved in urban policy-making, decision-making for physical and spatial issues, urban economy, ownership and control of urban spaces. The present paper with the use of Henri Lefevbre seeks to explain how the urban everyday life is affected by not being able to use the public spaces. An important part of urban spaces is the public space. Public spaces are those spaces which public have access to them, and their purpose is to pave the way for social interactions and make people comfort. The present study analyzed the current trends of public spaces in order to assess the right to city. During the last few years, the privatization of urban public spaces has occurred. In other words, due to some socio-economic change, both the production of space and control of space have come to the hand of private corporations. Commodification of space has caused the privatization of public spaces. Given the multi-dimensional nature of challenges facing cities, reasonable management of urban public spaces requires paying attention to four inter-related aspects which are: regulation of land use and its conflict management, definition and implementation of maintenance of these spaces, investment in public spaces, and co-ordination of interventions of different sectors in public spaces.

Medical Status of Traditional, Medicine in the Islamic Period, the Recognition of the Term, Concept Analysis, Initial Data Classification

Medical Status of Traditional Medicine in the Islamic Period, the Recognition of the Term, Concept Analysis, Initial Data Classification

For the first time Willem Floor in his interesting and worthy reading work, Public health in Qajar Iran, has correctly considered the general concept of medicine» in Iran derived from three sources: Galenic medicine, religious medicine and traditional medicine. According to Floor, (which later studies also confirm it), the Islamic period medical knowledge in Iran, has grown and developed on the basis of these three sources. On the other hand, at present, here is a peculiar confusion in medical studies related to the Islamic period in Persian language; for instance, there is no identical convention and standard for naming and identifying parts and supplies of medical knowledge in the Islamic period. At the same time, based on relatively large investments by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education done in the field of Islamic period medicine the amount and number of research and studies in three different parts, mentioned above, are not balanced. Therefore, it is necessary to consider and study the neglected components of this knowledge more avidly and eventually find a way out of the current turmoil. This article tries to do preliminary studies on the third mentioned medical source of Iran, «traditional medicine»; including a review of the terminology and offering an appropriate term for this part of the Islamic period medicine

Analysis of the Historical transformation of Tribe to Ethnicity in Qashqai

Contemporary interest to ethnicity and ethnical processes relate to historical changes and the process of ethnic identity that partly affected by different factors. The ethnicity has concept with a dynamic positioning of the contacts variable, conflict and competition in and creates a reanalysis from dynamic current in itself. In Iran, the ethnic groups in terms of social and political transformation have formed at a later date the constitutional. These changes Often erosed the tribal structure and lifestyle and eliminate many customs and cultural elements was that there were signs of Illinois. The important issue is that how it managed to maintain ethnic and tribal restoration and revitalization demand will continue. It seems to be a strategy of ethnic people and social actors within an organization to maintain. Ethnic identity gets important moment which is influenced by threats. Mechanisms of tribal demarcations in contemporary Iran with peripheral factors which there are in modern history formed group dynamic that under the influence of change in migration,
changes in population, industrialization and economic changes, integration in a larger political system , urbanization and variety of groups and nature of confrontations leads to ethnicity.

Identifying the demarcations of tribal and the strategy of group
dynamics can be in the form of the process of the transformation
of the traditional social structure to modern social organization.
Qashqai today can be considered a community that use from
its ethnic strategy for continuity. And it seems this is just the
beginning of this continuity toward getting ethnic. This article
tries to review process from the tribal people of Qashqai to
ethnicity.

Cross-Cultural Study of Gender Socialization in New Zealand and Iran

In this cross-cultural study, we primarily aim to present research-based evidence to examine the main gender characteristics associated with socialization. Using the symbolic interaction theory and the socialization theory, this cross-cultuural analysis particularly explores the construction and representation of gender identity through educational systems. The fields of this study are two varying cultural athmospheres: New Zealand and Iran. Accordingly, this cross-cultural analysis provides the opportunity to explore whether and how significantly the representation of gender characteristics through educational systems is associated with varying cultural atmospheres. Generally speaking, the results of this cross-cultural analysis indicate two key patterns: on the one hand, these varying cultural atmospheres play crucial role in gender representation. On the other hand, both male hegemony and high value of family tend to remain beyond the influence of the varying cultural atmospheres.