Parseh Journal of Archaeological Studies

fa بررسی و تحلیل گونه‌ها‌ی معماری اربابی روستایی دورۀ‌ قاجار (مطالعۀ موردی: خانه و اصطبل اربابی مهری‌خانم قراگوزلو در ورکانه-همدان) Investigation and Analysis of Types of Mastery Village Architecture of the Qajar Period (Case Study: House and Mastery Stables Mehri-Khanoom Qaragozlou in Varkaneh, Hamedan) تخصصی باستان‌شناسی Special Archeology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">از گونه‌های رایج معماری متأخر تاریخی ایران، بناهای مختلف اربابی هستند که نمونه‌هایی از آن‌ها در دورۀ قاجار ساخته شده و موردتوجه حاکمان شهرها و روستاهای محلی این دوره قرار گرفته بوده است. روستای ورکانه در دهستان الوند شرقی، از توابع بخش مرکزی شهر همدان به‌فاصلۀ 15 کیلومتری جنوب‌شرقی و در درۀ ارزانفود-ورکانه در منطقه‌ای کوهستانی قرار دارد. ادارۀ این روستا در دورۀ قاجار و پهلوی توسط «نقی‌خان و مهری‌خانم قراگوزلو» بوده است. از حضور خاندان قراگوزلوها در روستای ورکانه دو بنای تاریخیِ «خانۀ اربابی» و «اصطبل پرورش اسب» با فاصلۀ به‌ترتیب یک‌صد و پانصد متری، خارج از بافت روستا به‌جا مانده است که در زمرۀ بناهای حکومتی، به‌عنوان الگوهای منتخب دو گونۀ متفاوت معماری درباری محلی و قابل‌قیاس با مجموعۀ بناهای اربابی «قراول‌خانه‌» آق‌اولر در تالش است که مورد بررسی و تجزیه‌ و ‌تحلیل ‌قرار خواهند گرفت. هدف اصلی این نوشتار، شناخت الگوها و دگرگونی‌های ایجادشده در معماری سنتی روستایی، برمبنای اندیشه‌ها و روش‌های تغییرشکل‌یافته در دو نوع بنای مختلف اربابی دورۀ قاجار و پس از آن است. بر این اساس، جستار پیشِ‌رو با روش توصیفی - تحلیلیِ میدانی به ‌معرفی، تجزیه‌ و تحلیل سبک‌شناسانه و طبقه‌بندی عناصر معماری روستایی و تحولات اجتماعی تأثیرگذار در فرآیند شکل‌گیری معماری اربابی دورۀ قاجار در روستای ورکانه می‌پردازد. پرسش‌های این جستار: نخست، چه‌عواملی موجب قرارگیری این بناها در خارج از بافت روستا بوده است؟ دوم، این بناهای مورد مطالعه، چه نسبت از معماری منطقه تأثیرپذیرفته و تأثیرگذار بوده است؟ برآیند پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که براساس ویژگی‌های معماری، این دو بنا منفک از بافت روستای ورکانه و با تأثیرپذیری از معماری درباری و اروپایی مرسوم در دورۀ قاجار با مصالح بوم‌آورد ساخته شده‌اند که خانۀ اربابی با نقشۀ نیم‌چلیپایی و شیوۀ برونگرا و اصطبل اسب با نقشۀ مستطیل‌شکل متقارن ساخته شده است.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Abstract Of the common types of late architecture in Iran various mastery buildings some examples of which were made during the Qajar period, that some examples these types are considered by the rulers of the cities and villages of this period. The Varkaneh village is located in the Eastern Alvand district and in the central part of Hamedan in the mountains area, and with Arzanfood-Varkaneh valley 15 km is away. The village has been governed in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods by Naqikhan and Mehri-Khanoom. From the presence of Qaragozlou’s family in the village of Varkaneh are two monuments of the “mastery house” and “stables of breeding horse” with distance of 100 and 500 meters outside the village respectively. Among the buildings of state as selected patterns two different types of local court architecture and comparable to the master’s buildings collection (Qaravol Khaneh) Aghovlar in Talesh will be investigated and analyzed. The main purpose of this paper is to recognize the patterns and transformations created in traditional roral architecture Based on ideas and methods of transformation in two different types of mastery buildings of the Qajar period and beyond. Accordingly, in the present study in addition introduces a descriptive - analytical method, has done analysis and classification of elements of rural architecture and fluently social transformations in the formation mastery architecture of the Qajar period in the Varkaneh village. Questions of this study: What factors have led to placement of these buildings outside context of the village? These buildings under study, how much have been effective of the area architecture? The result of this research is show that the architectural features of these two buildings, a part from the Varkaneh village texture with the effect mastery architecture and European architecture on the Qajar period they were made with indigenous materials. Keywords: Qajar Architecture, Varkaneh, Mastery House, Stables of Breeding Horse. Introduction From examples of architecture courtesy in Qajar period is mastery architecture of Qaragozlou tribe in Varkaneh village of Hamedan. These buildings in terms of construction and materials are the most unique architectural works of this period. “Naghi Khan Qaragozlou” has been “Khan” in the village of Varkaneh that after him his daughter becomes ruler. From the Qaragozlou tribe are two buildings of “mastery house” and “stables of breeding horse” left in the village. The “mastery house” is related to the Qajar period and “stables of breeding horse” related to the early Pahlavi period. Therefore, in this study raised the following questions: What factors have led to placement of these buildings outside context of the village? These buildings under study, how much have been effective of the area architecture? The result of this research is show that the architectural features of these two buildings, a part from the Varkaneh village texture with the effect mastery architecture and European architecture on the Qajar period they were made with indigenous materials. The Mastery House of Varkaneh The mastery house of Varkaneh is located about 100 meters south of the village. It building related to the Qajar period. It is a two story building and has a crucifixion map. The Stables of Breeding Horse of Varkaneh Mehri Khanom Qaragozlou after becoming the ruler of the village, with help of the royal society, she made a stables in the south of the village. This stables for was taking care horses in spring and summer. This stables is to form of separate building, but it is part of the Varkaneh village. The building has a length of 22×72 meters and a total area of 1584 square meters. The result of this research is show that the architectural features of these two buildings, a part from the Varkaneh village texture with the effect mastery architecture and European architecture on the Qajar period they were made with indigenous materials. Conclusion Protecting and maintaining buildings, especially monuments is one of the most important steps that can be taken in relation to the valuable work of past ancestors. Where cannot be keep well or continue to use it, it definitely disrupts the life cycle of the building and causes irreparable damage to it. In these situations, natural and human factors always effect the building and damage it. Since the damage caused by the building gives it an unpleasant appearance, it is also difficult to operate and maintain it. Today are monuments that life cycle has been destroyed due to negligence. The collection of historical works in Varkaneh, is one of the most valuable remains of the Qajar period, because of neglect exposed to distraction. This collection can be moong the effects of the master rural area. Which has been driven by the central government, feudalists, and the productivity of the agricultural and natural an ability to meet the needs of the court. The Varkaneh master collection in fact has been one of the buildings local governor’s seat. These boilding have been governed by the family of Qaragozlou and used for nomadic residence in the spring and summer. The Varkaneh master house has been made white rocky material and cruciate map of unique works. That with method the extrovert architecture and interior spaces are enclosed between walnut and poplar tree. The stone building master’s house shows the innovative use of local and native capabilities so as to resist the cold weather of the mountain. Horse stables have been made white and this kind of approach, property and clever thinking of choosing a place, built in a stalemate valley due to the lack of written evidence, it is not possible to accurately determine the date of construction of both buildings. The result of this research is show that the architectural features of these two buildings, a part from the Varkaneh village texture with the effect mastery architecture and European architecture on the Qajar period they were made with indigenous materials. These both buildings related to the Qajar period these buildings are comparable with Aqhovlar building in Talesh.</div> معماری قاجار, ورکانه, خانۀ ‌اربابی, اصطبل. Qajar Architecture, Varkaneh, Mastery House, Stables of Breeding Horse. 155 175 http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/browse.php?a_code=A-10-45-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohammad Ebrahim Zarei محمدابراهیم زارعی mohamadezarei@yahoo.com 0000-0003-1536-3587 Yes Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Bu-Ali Sina. دانشیار گروه باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا Fatemeh Baba-Alipour فاطـمه باباعـلی‌پـور khalil_bm@yahoo.com No M.A. Archaeology, University of Bu-Ali Sina. دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی‌ارشد باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا.