Parseh Journal of Archaeological Studies

fa مطالعۀ تطبیقی واقعۀ تاریخی: ذبح حضرت اسماعیل(ع) در متون مذهبی با یافته‌های باستان‌شناختی از بابِل-بین‌النهرین The Comparative Study of the Historical Event: Sacrifice of Hazrat Ismail in Religious Texts with Archaeological Findings from Babylon, Mesopotamia تخصصی باستان‌شناسی Special Archeology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">چندی از اتفاقات مهم زندگی حضرت ابراهیم(ع) در بابِل-بین‌النهرین رقم‌خورده، بنابراین نام آن حضرت برای مردم بابل آشنا بوده است. شهر بابِل یکی از تمدن‌ها و شهرهای واقع در جنوب بین‌النهرین است. مردم بابل خدای یکتا و بزرگ را نمی‌شناختند و بت‌های سنگی را می‌پرستیدند، تا این‌که حضرت ابراهیم(ع) پس از حضورش در این شهر، بت‌های معبد این شهر را درهم شکست و به‌همین دلیل وی را به دستور نمرود داخل کوهی از آتش انداختند و آتش برای او گلستان شد. او مسلمانی پاک‌دین بود که به‌جز خالق یکتا بر هیچ‌چیز دیگر سجده نکرد؛ پیامبری که مورد ابتلاء قرار گرفت و هربار سربلند از آزمایش الهی، خود را به معبودش نزدیک‌تر یافت. یکی از آزمایشات حضرت ابراهیم(ع)، «ذبح» فرزندش حضرت اسماعیل(ع) به دستور خداوند باری تعالی ا‌ست و بعد از این آزمایش الهی بود که او مقام خلّت را از درگاه پروردگار خود گرفت و تاج خلیل الهی1 را برسر نهاد. وقایع زندگی او به‌صورت مفصل در قرآن کریم2 آمده است. اثر مهرهای منقوش از جمله منابع تصویری و مکتوب و یکی از راه‌هایی است که ما را از زمان باستان و تحولات اجتماعی آن‌ها آشنا می‌سازد. با مطالعه بر روی اثر مهرها و نقوش آن‌ها می‌توان با زندگی&rlm; اجتماعی مردمان پیش از تاریخ و نحوۀ فعالیت&rlm;‌ها، آداب و رسوم، اعتقادات، سنن و خصوصیات زندگی‌شان آشنا شد. یکی از مهم‌ترین یافته‌های کاوش‌ باستان‌شناختی شهر بابِل، «اثر مُهری» است که نقش ترسیم‌شده بر روی این قطعه گل منقوش، روایت بریدن سر شخصی (ذبح) را تداعی می‌کند که "مضمون" آن قابل‌قیاس با ذبح حضرت اسماعیل(ع) است. سؤال اصلی این پژوهش این است که چه ارتباط معنایی و زمانی بین واقعۀ تاریخی ذبح حضرت اسماعیل(ع) با اثر مهر به‌دست‌آمده از بابل وجود دارد؟ با فرض داشتنِ ارتباط معنایی در مضمون هر دو داستان، در این نوشتار سعی شده است واقعۀ تاریخی ذبح حضرت اسماعیل(ع) که یکی از مهم‌ترین قصص مختلف قرآن کریم و منابع دینی و عرفانی ادبی است، با یکی از مهم‌ترین یافته‌های تصویری باستان‌شناختی از شهر بابل (شامل اثر مهری از صحنۀ قربانگاه که مشابه با واقعۀ تاریخی ذبح حضرت اسماعیل(ع) است) را بازگو کرده و ارتباط بین این دو ارائه گردد.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Abstract There are important events in Ebraham’s life in Babylon - Mesopotamia so, his name was familiar to Babylonians. Babylon is one of the civilizations and cities in Southern Mesopotamia the people of Babylon did not know the alone and grand God and worship stony idols. Abraham defeated idols with his presence in this city. For this reason, to Nimrod command throw up him to the mountain of fire. Fire became to “Golestan” for him. He was a pure Muslim except the grand creator he did not prostration anything else. The prophet who was tested many times and proudly came out of it. One of Abraham’s experiments is to kill his son Ismail. After this test, he reached a high ranking and set on the head the crown of Khalilullah. The events of his life are detailed in the holy Quran. The effect of registered stamps, including visual and writing resources, is one of the ways gets acquainted with ancient times and their social transformations. We can by examining the effect of their stamp become familiar with the social life of prehistoric people and all kinds of activities, customs, beliefs traditions and characteristics of their lives. One of the most important findings of the ancient archaeological excavation is “seal impression”. The engraved role on this pieces depicts the story of cutting of a personal head that is comparable to the slaughter of Islam. The main question of this research is, what is the meaningful relationship between the historical event of the slaughter Ismail and the seal impression of Babylon? Considering a semantic relationship in the content of both stories, this article this is the historical event of the most important parts of the Holy Quran and the religious and mystical literary source. The relationship between two events should be presented with one of the most important finding of the picture of Babylon (including the seal impression on the altar scene similar to the slaughter of Ismail). Keywords: Seal Effect, Babylon, Hazrat Ismail, Slaughter, Hazrat Ebraham.   Introduction The commentators on the Quran interpret the verses related to the life of Hazrat Ebraham has descripted the various parts of his life. The Holy Quran has consistently inspired a great deal of spirituality in the hearts of Muslim mystics, so many Quranic patterns have been reflected in our mystical literature. The clay tablets left over from flat and cylindrical seals, including visual and written sources, have narrated the social and cultural developments of various historical eras from the fourth millennium BC to the late Sassanids period. The main question of this research is, what is the meaningful relationship between the historical event of the slaughter Ismail and the seal impression of Babylon? Considering a semantic relationship in the content of both stories, this article this is the historical event of the most important parts of the Holy Quran and the religious and mystical literary source. The relationship between two events should be presented with one of the most important finding of the picture of Babylon (including the seal impression on the altar scene similar to the slaughter of Ismail). The Seal Impression Under Study One of these seal effects has obtained from Babylon in Mesopotamia. This stamp by Jeanne Diemer Nijhowne has been studied in his Ph.D. thesis with title: “The study of symbols of political, religion, and the seal of Mesopotamian cylinders in the second millennium BC”. On the clay tab of this seal impression we are see the stamped role of 6 human figures and a scene this is comparable to the historical fact of the slaughter of Hazrat Ismail. This role do not exactly correspond to the historical fact quoted in the Quran, and only the contents of the stories are comparable to each other. Conclusion We start the result with “Roger bayside’s” sentence: for a long time, we have found that the art of a simple interval personal is not fruitless but affects the collective life of humans and can transform the fate of human societies. In order to better understand, the nature of thoughts and beliefs and the social status of human societies one can receive through their study of art. Religious designs in different cultures have a status beyond the apparent beauty. Although the beauty and beauty of art work is an important feature of art, but these roles have higher values. Each role is not just beauty color, and shape it also has a meaning the appearance of many roles in different motifs at the start of seeing is an invisible and in word maiming study and research in various aspects of art will deserve the recognition of many of the signs and roles of various arts. Otherwise, you cannot get enough interest from the art work unfortunately, the study of this image of religious and ritual art (various parts, such as the historical event of slaughter Ismail) is located less discussed in comparison with historical dimension. This issue, addressed in this writing, is primarily aimed at introducing a historical event from past documentation in the context of history that in the Quran and historical sources are mentioned. And attempted to drow on the two - sided (decorative and semantic) relationship of an effect (painted muddy bred discovery from Babylon- Iraq) artistic found to this paid historic event that has been neglected in Persiam source. And in no way intends to make a new claim to the events events that occurred in this historical event. The Babylonian muddy bred repeat the impact of the historical event has been one the beliefs of the people of Babylon in their period. In any event the end result is this with all the probabilities and doubts in the story of Babylonian muddy bred only the themed of both stories can have a meaningful relationship with each other.</div> حضرت ابراهیم(ع), ذبح, حضرت اسماعیل(ع), بابل, اثر مُهر. Seal Effect, Babylon, Hazrat Ismail, Slaughter, Hazrat Ebraham. 85 98 http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-13&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Khalilollah Beik Mohammadi خلیل‌الله بیک‌محمدی khalil_bm@yahoo.com 0000-0003-3804-3930 Yes Ph.D. Archaeology & Director of Research and Education at the Art Institute of Hamedan Province دکترای باستان‌شناسی‌، مدیر دفتر پژوهش و آموزش حوزۀ هنری استان همدان.