fa منشأ ساخت، تحلیل و تفسیر سگک کمربند مفرغی با نقش شتر دوکوهانۀ گورستان عصرآهن لفور سوادکوه تخصصی باستان‌شناسی Special Archeology پژوهشي Research درمیان مجموعۀ یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده از کاوش‌های باستان‌شناسی گورستان عصرآهن لفور سوادکوه نقشی از یک شتر دوکوهانه برروی سگک کمربند مفرغی دیده می‌شود که به‌طرز ماهرانه‌ای با روش قالب‌گیری ساخته شده است. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی، تفسیر و تحلیل تصویر نقش شتر دوکوهانه برروی سگک کمربندی مفرغی است. با توجه به مطالعات انسان‌شناسی جسمانی ازنظر ریخت‌شناسی جمجمه‌ها نشان می‌دهد که گورخفتگان گورستان با ساکنین پیش از خود متفاوت بوده و گور‌آوندها نیز حاکی از اقوامی دامپرور و کوچ‌رو بوده‌اند. شاخص‌ترین شئ یافت‌شده، سگک کمربند مفرغی با نقش یک شتر دوکوهانه‌ است که مربوط به دشت‌های آسیای‌مرکزی، جنوبی‌ترین منطقۀ زیست این نوع شتر در شمال دشت گرگان و جنوب ترکمنستان است. در منابع دورۀ هخامنشی نیز شتر دوکوهانه نمایش داده شده است، این نوع شترها فقط به‌همراه گروه‌های هدیه‌آورندگانی که از آسیای‌میانه و شرق دریای مازندران آمده‌اند، دیده می‌شود. در نقوش سنگ یادبود &laquo;شلمانسر‌ سوم&raquo; شاه آشور نیز افرادی شتر دوکوهانه به‌همراه دارند که متن کتیبۀ آن‌ها را متعلق‌ به کشوری دوردست در شرق نسبت داده‌اند. مهم‌ترین پرسش‌هایی که در این پژوهش مطرح می‌گردد عبارتنداز: بقایای انسانی به‌دست‌آمده در این گورستان بومی منطقه بوده‌اند و یا از مناطق دیگر به این منطقه مهاجرت کرده‌اند؟ گورنهاده‌های به‌دست‌آمده در محل ساخته یا وارداتی بوده‌اند و تا چه اندازه تحت‌تأثیر شیوه‌های هنری و صنعتی از مناطق دور و نزدیک بوده‌اند؟ و آیا می‌توان با مطالعۀ یافته‌های مورد پژوهش، مسیر مهاجرت این گروه‌ها را در مناطق حاصل‌خیز و کوهپایه‌ای مازندران بازسازی نمود؟ لذا نگارندگان در این مقاله علاوه‌بر مقایسۀ شکلی و ماهیتی سگک کمربند مفرغی با دیگر یافته‌های گورستان لفور تطبیق، تحلیل و تفسیر آن همراه با اسناد و منابع تاریخی به پرسش‌ها پاسخ می‌دهند. نتیجۀ پژوهش نشان می‌دهد این شئ در جای دیگری تولید و ساخته شده و ازطریق مهاجران به منطقه وارد شده است.&nbsp; <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong><br> Among the collection of findings from the archeological excavations of the Iron Age cemetery of Lefour, in Savadkuh, there is an engraved a two-humped camel on a bronze belt buckle, skillfully made through molding method. According to the studies of physical anthropology, in terms of morphology of the skulls, it shows that the excavated dead bodies were different from the previous inhabitants, and the grave goods also indicate they were cattle breeders and nomads. The most prominent object found is a bronze belt buckle with the engraving of a western two-humped camel on it; this animal is definitely not native to the southern region of the Caspian Sea, and may belong to the plains of Central Asia; the southernmost habitat of this type of camel is in the north of Gorgan plain and in the south of Turkmenistan. In the Achaemenid period, two-humped camel is also shown with groups of gift givers who came from Central Asia and the east of the Caspian Sea. In the memorial stone carvings of Shalmaneser III, the King of Assyrians, there are also people carrying two-humped camels, along with the inscriptions seem to be belonged to a far distant country in the east. The most important questions in this study are: Were the human remains found in this cemetery are native or migrated from other areas? Whether the obtained grave inputs were made on site or imported, and to what extent were they influenced by the artistic and industrial techniques from near or far areas? And is it possible to reconstruct the migration route of these groups in the fertile and foothill areas of Mazandaran by studying the findings of this research? In this article, in addition to comparing the form and nature of the bronze belt buckle with other findings of Lefour Cemetery, the authors analyze and interpret it regarding historical documents and sources to provide more accurate answer to the questions. The result of the research reveals that this object was produced in another place and entered the region through immigrants.<br> <strong>Keywords:</strong> Iron Age, Bronze Belt Buckle, Lefour Cemetery, Savadkuh.<br> <br> <strong>Introduction</strong><br> The study and interpretation of the cultural characteristics of past societies and the study of the evolution of cultures based on the cultural relics left by these societies constitute the main framework of archaeological studies, the most important evidence in this regard is material and tangible effects. It is complex and difficult to know more accurately the cultural relics of past societies by relying on purely material evidence. The deep connection of religious beliefs with social customs and economic activities is one of the characteristics of past cultures. Therefore, one of the most important sources for understanding the religions, culture and functions of its predecessors is the study of ancient formulations and cultural materials. In this method, researchers usually consider one or more formative features such as objects placed inside the grave, adaptation of the grave or the general plan and location of the cemetery, and then, based on that class or social status of the buried people, adapt to the form, and compare the nature of objects. Despite the importance of accurate and scientific analysis of objects and graves from the Iron Age to explain religious beliefs, no independent research has been done so far.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Research Question: </strong>The most important question that arise as a result of the two chapters of excavation of Lefour Cemetery is that according to anthropological studies &nbsp;and comparison of ancient date, the graves of the deceased were relatives who migrated to this place from other areas and due to the similarity of form and was the nature of the particular object in question imported? And to what extent has it been industrial practices from near and far?<br> <strong>Research Method:</strong> In archaeological research, in addition to printing and disseminating data from field activities of an area, it is possible to analyze and compare the form and nature of an object with the data of regional and supra-regional sites to analyze the origin of a culture. In this article, focusing on the role of the bipedal camel on the bronze belt discovered from data from the Iron Age, Lefour and the similarity of this or that with the role of the western camel of the Persepolis donors, as well as the memorial stone of Shalmanser III it reinforces the hypothesis that it was intended to be imported and that its origin was in east and north of the Gorgan and Turkmenistan plains.&nbsp;<br> <br> <strong>Belt buckle with the Motiv of Balkhi Camel</strong><br> The most prominent object of this burial was a unique Bronze belt buckle with the image of a Balkhi bipedal camel, and it is made by casting and embossing method and is reminiscent of desert and arid regions of the east of the Caspian Sea and the steppes of Central Asia<br> <br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><br> The plain and mountainous regions of the south of the Caspian Sea due to their suitable biological and climatic conditions are very important in studying the settlements of the Bronze and Iron Ages, but unfortunately no independent and complete research has been done on the origin and end of this period. It is done on a case-by-case basis and separately from each other in terms of time and place. Leford Savadkuh Cemetery is no exception. Regarding Leford Cemetery, it should be noted that according to the knowledge of cemeteries and settlements in the center of Mazandaran, it is clear that the cemeteries of nomads in mountainous area, unlike the plains, are often small and limited, and each cemetery probably belonged to a specific group or tribe. The nomads, whose main occupation was herding, spent most of their time in the highlands, migrating animals from one place to another in search of pastures throughout the year and the works obtained also show that in this sense it is economics and small works have on animal husbandry.</div> عصرآهن, سگک کمربندمفرغی, گورستان لفور, سوادکوه. Iron Age, Bronze Belt Buckle, Lefour Cemetery, Savadkuh. 49 70 http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/browse.php?a_code=A-10-273-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Abdol Reza Mohajerinejad عبدالرضا مهاجری‌نژاد nmohajery@yahoo.com No PhD Student in Archeology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. دانشجوی دکتری باستان‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران. Kamal Aldin Niknami کمال‌الدین نیکنامی kniknami@ut.ac.ir Yes Professor, Department of Archeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. استاد گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Haydeh Khamseh هایده خمسه hkhamseh۷۲@yahoo.com No Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران