fa بررسی سازمان فضایی و کالبدی محله‌های تاریخی شهر همدان در دورۀ قاجار و تأثیر آن‌ها بر توسعۀ روابط اجتماعی تخصصی باستان‌شناسی Special Archeology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">محله‌های شهری را می‌توان کوچک‌ترین واحد کالبدی و اجتماعی و حتی قومی در بدنۀ سنتی شهرهای ایران به‌شمار آورد؛ با این‌حال، در طرح توسعۀ شهرها، محلات تاریخی دچار تغییرات زیادی شدند و ساختار سنتی آن‌ها به‌دلیل عدم انطباق با شرایط جدید به‌مرور فرسوده شده و کارایی خود را از دست داده‌ا‌ند، این امر منجر‌به کاهش سطح ارتباط ساکنان با یکدیگر شده است. شهر همدان از شهرهای مهم غرب ایران در دوران اسلامی ا‌ست که پیشینۀ ساختار شهری آن به پیش از اسلام باز می‌گردد. جدای از هرگونه ضوابط مرزبندی میان محله‌ها، توجه به اهمیت جدایی‌گزینی آن‌ها در بدنۀ شهرهای ایران، بـه‌ویژه در دورۀ شتابان شهرنشینی و گسستگی نظام تعاملی بین اجزای بدنۀ شهرها، از دید مدیریت شهری و باززنده‌سازی قدرت عملکردی محله‌ها، شایان توجه زیادی است. از آنجایی‌که فضای محله‌های شهر همدان در قرون متأخر اسلامی، به‌صورت منسجم مطالعه نشده، پژوهش حاضر در تلاش است تا با استفاده از شواهد تاریخی و معماری موجود، ساختار کالبدی محله‌های شهر همدان و عناصر اصلی در شکل‌گیری محله‌ها را معرفی کند. برمبنای هدف یاد‌شده، پرسش اصلی پژوهش عبارت‌ست از: ساختار کالبدی و الگوی فضایی محله‌های تاریخی شهر همدان چگونه است؟ نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که بسیاری از محلات همدان در دورۀ قاجار به‌صورت تدریجی به دو شکل خطی و دایره‌ای‌شکل یافته‌اند. در ساختار کالبدی محله‌های همدان عناصری شکل‌گرفته که در برآورد نیازهای اولیۀ ساکنین محله، تقویت حس مکان و ارتقای همبستگی آن‌ها نقش مهمی داشته است؛ از آن جمله می‌توان به: مسجد، حمام، چمن، امامزاده، چشمه، سردابه، کاروانسرا اشاره کرد. در این‌میان مساجد محله‌ای، محور اصلی مرکز محله و مهم‌ترین عنصر ساختاری هر محله را به‌خود اختصاص می‌داده است.&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Abstract</strong><br> City locals can be considered as the smallest unit of framework and social at traditional parts of Iranian cities and folks, however, in cities comprehensive plan historical districts bear sever changes and their traditional structure gradually decayed and lost its influence due to nonconformity with modern conditions. This lead to decrease in habitant&rsquo;s relationship with each other. Hamadan was important city at western side of Iran at Islamic period. Its structures age returns to pre-Islamic period. Apart from any kinds of bordering rules among locals, dividing locals were of special attention at cities, in a period that urbanism was moving fast and division among locals of cities was important from city management point of view. Also, there is no research about Hamadan city locals in recent Islamic centuries. This research tries to introduce main elements of local formation, based on existing architectural and historical evidences. Based on mentioned aim, the main question is this: How was the space and framework structure of Hamadan&rsquo;s historical locals? Research results shows that most of the locals gradually take circular and linear form at structural framework of locals, there are elements playing important role in meeting habitant needs from them; we can refer to Mosque, Bath, Grass, Holy shrine, Crypt and Caravansary. From this viewpoint, mosques were of important structures at each local.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Keywords:</strong> Hamadan, Ghajar Period, Space Structure, Local Mosques, Improving Social Relationship.<br> <br> <strong>Introduction</strong><br> Historical locals were part of space structure of city. City plans changed the traditional old locals and they gradually lost their efficiency. In Hamadan city expansion was based on religious structure and space. Structure focus was round the mosque, holy shrine, which totally made a collection these elements were reflects of social condition and locals&rsquo; architectural structure at Ghajar period local was at the main bases of city framework and keeping locals and effect on social life balance. At Ghajar period Hamadan had many locals and villages. There were 30 lanes and locals in different forms. Hamadan as a case study in this paper, has a lot to think about city progress rules. Hamadan is a prominent sample of a city with different locals due to its genuine texture and commercial nature which lasts till now. In this research, we study and introduce the formation method and space structure of Hamadan locals.<br> Investigation Questions: According to the mentioned goals, important questions were as follows: How was the framework and organizing structure of Hamadan&rsquo;s historical locals? Which mechanism follows space governing models of Hamadan locals?<br> Research Methods: This research is functional and belongs to qualitative research family which done by analytical- qualitative method. Creditable sources for research have been chosen first hand documents and matching study based on the existing evidence for this study have been chosen. Also, study uses of three method including documents study, interview with local habitants and observing texture and architecture and architecture kind.<br> <br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><br> With close look at local space and framework structure we notice that the main route of locals leads to local center. In other word, local mosque had the most access and focus to local formation and all planning about space organization was done at mosques. On the other hand, baths and springs had the most interaction for organization. About space structure of locals, we can say no preplanning was done and although their design was natural. However, its functions cover was so that all people take benefit of it, so that each local has private gate and realm and was separated from others. From other hand, mosques bath and springs more over than their main function had Other use as meeting places so they are main factors of structure of Hamadan locals. These elements respectively have the most frequency. Other results show that Hamadan locals center have linear and circular shapes. These shapes created for access to center. Also, there is other element named grass with quadrant, rectangular and trapezius shape or without shape This place plays a significant role at consolidating loyalty relationship among people, so that all people attend in this place for recreation and meeting.</div> همدان, دورۀ قاجار, سازمان فضایی, مساجد محله‌ای, توسعۀ روابط اجتماعی. Hamadan, Ghajar Period, Space Structure, Local Mosques, Improving Social Relationship. 203 222 http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/browse.php?a_code=A-10-304-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zahra Jamebozorg زهرا جامه‌بزرگ zahrajamebozorg70@gmail.com No Ph.D. Student, Department of Archeology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran. دانشجوی دکتری باستان‌شناسی، گروه باستان‌شناسی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران. Araz Najafi آراز نجفی Araz.najafi@vatanmail.ir Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran. استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران Zarrin Fakhar زرین فخارزرین z.fakhar783@gmail.com No Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran. استادیار گروه باستان‌شناسی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران. Yadollah Heidari Babakamal یدالله حیدری‌باباکمال yadolah.heydari@gmail.com No Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran. استادیار گروه مرمت و باستان‌سنجی، دانشکدۀ هنرهای کاربردی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.