Parseh Journal of Archaeological Studies

fa بازآفرینی مفهوم بافت شهری در قزوین The Recreating of Concept of Urban Texture in Qazvin تخصصی باستان‌شناسی Special Archeology پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">شهر، معنایی بیش از یک محوطۀ محصور درون بارو را داشته و بیشتر یک حوزه را معرفی می‌کند. شهرها، طی تاریخ نسبتاً طولانی خود شاهد تغییرات ژرفی در وضعیت صنعتی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و به‌ویژه جمعیتی خود بوده‌اند. کهن‌ترین شهرها در حدفاصل پایان هزارۀ چهارم و آغاز هزارۀ سوم قبل‌ازمیلاد در آسیای غربی و در نقاطی پدیدار شدند که آب و هوای آن‌ها مساعد‌، و زمینِ‌ حاصلخیز برای کشت و زرع، مناسب بود. همچنین قدمت شهر و شهرسازی در ایران نیز به هزارۀ چهارم قبل‌ازمیلاد می‌رسد، اما روند شکل‌گیری شهر و تداوم شهرنشینی در آن سیر تدریجی خاص خود را داشته است. هویت ایرانی شهر شامل ویژگی‌ها و ارزش‌های معماری و شهرسازی سرزمین‌ ایران‌، مربوط به قبل از ورود اسلام می‌باشد. پس از ورود اعراب به ایران و تشکیل حکومت یکپارچه‌ اسلامی در سرزمین‌های زیر تسلط اسلام، شاهد شکل‌گیری نطفه‌های اولیۀ شهرهای جدید بوده‌ایم که این شهرهای جدید، اکثراً از تعلیمات اسلامی نشأت گرفته‌ و به دو دستۀ عمده شامل؛ شهرهای به‌جا مانده از تمدن‌های ماقبل از اسلام و یا شهرهای بنا شده توسط مسلمین قابل تفکیک‌‌اند. شهر دورۀ اسلامی به‌لحاظ ساختاری تداوم شهرسازی عصر ساسانی بود و عناصر کالبدی آن اکثراً برگرفته از فرهنگ غنی اسلام و نشانگر تمدن و فرهنگ اسلامی‌اند. یکی از این شهرها، قزوین می‌باشد که هستۀ اولیۀ آن در زمان شاپور ساسانی شکل‌گرفته و به‌تدریج در طی دوران اسلامی توسعه و گسترش داشته و در زمان صفویه توسط شاه تهماسب به‌عنوان دومین پایتخت این دودمان انتخاب شده است.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Abstract The city has more than one enclosed enclosure inside the barrow, and it introduces more than one area. Cities have seen profound changes in industrial, social, economic, political, and in particular their demographic, in their relatively long history. The oldest cities between the end of the 4th millennium and the beginning of the third millennium BC They emerged in western Asia and in places where their climate was favorable, and the fertile land suitable for cultivation .Also, the city’s urbanization in Iran dates back to the fourth millennium BC, But the process of city formation and the continuity of urbanization has been gradual in its own way. The Iranian city’s security includes the features and values of the architecture and urbanization of Iran, prior to the arrival of Islam. After the arrival of the Arabs in Iran and the formation of a unified Islamic state in the lands under Islamic domination, the emergence of sprouts The early buds of the new towns, these new towns, originated mostly from Islamic teachings, are divided into two main categories Cities left from civilizations before Islam or cities built by Muslims. The Islamic mayor was structurally persistent in the urbanization of the Sasanian era, and its physical elements were mostly derived from culture. The rich are Islam and represent Islamic civilization and culture. One of these cities is Qazvin, whose core was formed during the Shapur Sassanid dynasty and gradually developed and expanded during the Islamic era, and during Safavid times, Shah Tahmasb was chosen as the second capital of this dynasty. Keywords: City, Urbanization, Iran, Islam, Qazvin. Introduction The word “city” has a long history in Iranian languages. The concept of the city is simply not possible, because civilization begins with urban life, as a result civilization has a direct relationship with urbanization or city. The process of the formation of cities and states for the first time during the third millennium. Based on the evidence available in the Middle East and the regions. The southern and central middle and middle plains of Khuzestan, Nile valley in the north of Aswan, the plains of the Iranian plateau from Fars to South Turkmenistan have been the main centers for the expansion of early cities in the semi-arid lands of Western Asia. One of the major differences between cities yesterday and today is their size, which initially made it difficult to distinguish between the city and the ten because not only the size of the small towns and their population was limited. But the ten and the city, as well as the dominant economic activity, were the same. Each city has different sections that are evidenced by evidence Exploring the ancient sites, the main parts of cities are the structures of the living city, including: temples, palaces, warehouses, defensive walls, houses Residential neighborhoods, workshops and industrial neighborhoods of cities, cities of the dead or cemeteries. In Iran, the process of urbanization and urbanization of the fourth millennium BC It began with the identity of cities and their architecture before the arrival of Islam into Iran But with the arrival of Islam to Iran, we are witnessing the formation of new Islamic cities, and pre-Islamic Pre-Islamic Iranian cities, including Qazvin, are developed and expanded with Islamic elemental elements. Creation of the First Cities and the Formation of the City of Qazvin The word root of the city’s name indicates that the city has a semantic meaning over an enclosed enclosure within the barrow, and has more than one district (rural district, district, county, and province). One of the major differences between cities today and tomorrow is their size. At first, it was not easy to identify the city and ten of them. The city and township in Iran has a long history of civilization. And exploring the ancient sites of Iran dates the city and urbanization to the fourth millennium BC. The Iranian identity of the city includes the features and values of the architecture and urbanization of Iran before the arrival of Islam into Iran. Qazvin is one of the cities that was created during Sassanid era and on the orders of Shapur Zoltakht and the original city In the form of a fence and a gable under the name of Shapour’s fence, there were gates in different directions; Qazvin also had a city within the first city under the name of Sharistan or the city, which was later mentioned in the Islamic period by Islamic historians. On the edge of the city and around it there were gardens and fields that Naser Khosrow in the century 5h. q These gardens were mentioned without a fence, and these gardens during the Safavid period and during the Qazvin’s capital created the Gardenshahr of Qazvin, and the works of these gardens still remain in the city until now. During the Safavid period of Qazvin, the name “Dar al-Saltanah” He took himself and chose it as the capital of the king of Tahmasb. Conclusion Qazvin is among the cities that has been of special importance in all historical periods, according to written documents written by historians and geographers of Qazvin city by Shapur Zoltakht. It was called “Shadshapur”, but there is however no evidence of the state of the city during the Sassanid era. The only references mentioned in this article are the base and the boundary of Qazvin. In this period it is for the war against the Dalian, which most historians have pointed out. With the arrival of Islam in Iran and the conquest of Qazvin by Muslims, the city gradually expands and the core of the city for its development is the location of the Shapouri fence, which in the texts Historians have been referred to as the Keswin fortress, and in the post-Islamic periods, the city has expanded to this area. On the other hand, the city of Qazvin is located on the east-west and north-south communication highways.</div> شهر, شهرنشینی, ایران, اسلام, قزوین. City, Urbanization, Iran, Islam, Qazvin. 95 110 http://journal.richt.ir/mbp/browse.php?a_code=A-10-34-8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Shima Ahmad Saffari شیما احمدصفاری Sh.saffari@yahoo.com Yes Ph.D. Archaeology (Islamic Period). دکتری باستان‌شناسی گرایش اسلامی.