2026-04-21T05:06:40+03:30 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?mag_id=33&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

33-308 2026-04-21 10.1002

Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2019 1 3 Sahar Borhan s.borhan@richt.ir Shahrzad Amin-Shirazi Mahboubeh Bihgam The conservation and restoration of artifacts, including textiles, depends on understanding the characteristics and properties of the artifact. By increasing information about the artifact, decisions can be made with greater confidence and certainty about how to handle and preserve the artifacts. Fibers, as the main constituent of textiles, are an important part of the study of historical textiles, and answering the questions raised in the field of fiber technology and pathology can pave the way for the next steps in the conservation of a historical textile. The more and more accurate the information obtained in this field, the more accurate and reliable the conservation measures will be. In the study of fibers, a large part of the information is obtained using various laboratory methods and instrumental analysis and examining the surface and structure of the artifact. The diversity and multiplicity of these methods have made recognizing the advantages and limitations of each of these methods a key factor in study planning and experimental design. In this study, a woven flag belonging to the Onchi Meydan neighborhood in Ardabil city was subjected to laboratory studies. Despite the large number and diversity of samples, the identification of the fibers of this flag was carried out using flame and microscopic examination methods. Fiber Identification Laboratory Methods Microscopy Flag. 2019 1 01 1 7 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-308-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2019 1 3 Shahnaz Bohlouli bohloli.sh@gmail.com Mohammad Ghahri The manuscripts kept in the manuscript archive of the National Archives and Library of Iran are mostly unique and have special historical and cultural importance. One of the main reasons for the deterioration of manuscripts and books is biological factors, mainly microscopic fungi. The method used in the National Archives and Library of Iran to eliminate biological contamination is disinfection with ethylene oxide. The duration of the disinfecting effects of ethylene oxide gas has always been one of the concerns of this organization and is the aim of this research, during which the disinfecting effect of the mentioned substance has been investigated over a period of 4 years. 107 samples were examined by scraping and culturing in a specific fungal culture medium, and the relationship between their type of contamination with the environmental conditions of storage and the contamination of the manuscripts before disinfection has been discussed. The results showed that although 86.67% of the samples still showed contamination and only 13.43% remained free of contamination, this contamination was different from their initial contamination. Therefore, disinfection with ethylene oxide over a period of 4 years had a good effect because the initial contamination was eliminated and did not grow again after this period of time, and the observed contamination was of the type of environmental contamination that was added to the documents. Disinfection Manuscripts Ethylene Oxide Fungal Contamination Environmental Contamination. 2019 1 01 8 17 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-309-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2019 1 3 Maryam Maryam Abdolmaleki maryam.delgosha89@gmail.com Environmental pests are one of the most important risk factors in museums, museum buildings, archives and libraries around the world. Although these pests do not have a wide range, if they are present in the environment, the amount of damage they cause to material heritage will be very significant. Prevention and control of these pests is one of the tasks of the Comprehensive Pest Management Program, which has replaced traditional pest control methods in museums. This is an emerging, multifaceted and holistic strategic program in the field of preventive conservation that provides the conservator with a variety of treatment methods and considers the use of pesticides only as a last resort. Given the importance of being aware of the strategies of this program, this article provides a brief overview of all treatment strategies. Since the type of pest and the type of museum artifact are very important in determining the treatment method, a more detailed classification of their types is provided, including separation based on the degree of impact on the type of pest (insects and microorganisms) and applicability with respect to the materials used and the technique of making the artifacts. Integrated Pest Management Museum Pests Treatment of Infested Objects Preventive Protection. 2019 1 01 18 24 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-310-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2019 1 3 Parastoo Erfanmanesh parastoo.erfanmanesh@yahoo.com Hamid Fadaei One of the most widely used terms in the conservation and restoration of cultural and historical artifacts, particularly in the field of ancient metal objects, is patina. Although, this term is also applied to other historical materials, such as paintings and stones, its frequent used in the context of ancient bronzes makes it essential to develop a clear and accurate understanding of its meaning and implications. From the perspective of the studying deterioration of the artifacts, patina-as corrosion products in bronze artifacts-can significantly impact both the tangible and intangible aspects of the objects. on the one hand, it contributes certain values, such as age and aesthetics. On the other hand, it serves as an important criterion in conservation and restoration practices. However, the lack of comprehensive and precise definition of this term leads to complexity in conservation decision-making. In this paper, based on a literature review, the differing and similarity viewpoints on patina have been investigated. Following this, the term is reviewed in relation to different corrosion morphologies, and issue related to its current definitions are discussed. The different values of the patina are debated, and its role in the principles of conservation is reevaluated. In this field, confusion arising from the application of the term patina in the conservation of archaeological bronzes have been highlighted. Finally, considering the unique properties of corrosion phenomena in archaeological bronzes, the concept of the “original surface” is discussed as an approach to addressing this issue.   Biodeterioration Fungal Contamination Environmental Monitoring Cultural Heritage Research Institute Library and Documents. 2019 1 01 25 36 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-311-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2019 1 3 Zeinab Haghighat haghighat207@gmail.com Mohammad Sohrabi Stone monuments in open natural spaces (such as statues, monuments, petroglyphs, motifs, rock paintings and carvings, historical monuments and archaeological sites) are usually surrounded by communities of various living organisms. These living organisms choose a place to grow and live according to specific conditions such as the type of rock bed, climatic and geographical factors. This article examines the effects of several examples of the presence of these biological communities (bacteria, fungi, algae and lichen), trees, shrubs, grasses, insects and animals in the Parseh and Pasargadae complexes. Awareness of biodiversity and the type of possible damage caused by these organisms is essential for managing preventive conservation programs and the fundamental restoration of World Heritage sites and their healthy transmission to future generations. Parseh-Pasargad Complex Stone Artefacts Biodegradation Biodiversity. 2019 1 01 37 45 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-312-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2019 1 3 Gholamreza Rahmani r.rahmani71@gmail.com Parastoo Erfanmanesh Insects are the most important class of the animal kingdom in terms of the number of species and include 2/3 of the known species. In addition to the abundance of species, they also rank first among animal groups in terms of the level of distribution and reproductive power of species. Living in different climatic and geographical conditions is a normal and almost universal thing for insects due to their small size and very diverse adaptations. The high reproductive power and wide distribution level and the possibility of various adaptations of the morphometric, physiological and biological type have made these animals one of the resistant and invincible vital factors in nature. Meanwhile, historical-cultural collections, given their special conditions, are no exception to this rule and require specialized studies in this field. In the initial and field studies of the library of the Niavaran Archaeological-Cultural Collection, severe insect pests were observed, so that the carpets of the collection were damaged due to the attack of insect pests. Therefore, in the first step, the pests of the collection were examined and identified, and then the damaged parts were disinfected. In this article, the various steps from diagnosis and identification to disinfection will be presented.  Pests Insects Pest Control Library and Documentation Center Niavaran Palace Historical-Cultural Complex. 2019 1 01 46 54 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-313-en.pdf