2026-04-16T23:28:02+03:30 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?mag_id=21&slc_lang=fa&sid=1

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Rasoul Vatandoost 2017 4 01 1 19 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-115-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Pirouz Hanachi hanachi@ut.ac.ir Sara Taymourtash staymourtash@ut.ac.ir  The concept of industrial heritage arose in the middle of 20th century, when several industrial buildings and urban landscapes were destroyed in the UK. Since then, numerous efforts have been put to recognize industrial heritage works. Industrial sites are considered as a milestone in human history; they contain memories from a period which was a nuisance, and at the same time symbolized hope toward a better life. Through their architecture, industrial buildings represent technological developments of countries, and the socio-cultural values of their own period. Loss of their industrial uses within cities, and their unsuccessful social status put these buildings on the verge of destruction. A shift in the mainstream attitude in terms of work and activities, and an architectural style originating from universal experience highlight the importance of investigation and preservation of these buildings. This is where the knowledge to preserve those building which are unable to secure their own prosperity gains importance. The reason of this inability comes from the fact that these buildings are no longer needed, which turns them into abandoned and unsafe spaces, endangering well-being of the society. Adaptive reuse of an existing historical building and adding an extension to it will create movement, liveliness and visual diversity, while maintaining the building character. Enormous scale of the factory, the rhythmic repetition, the length which points to the infinity and even melancholic colors are key points when seeking for an authentic design in order to reuse the building. Industrial heritage adaptive reuse conservation and development urban sustainability. 2017 4 01 21 33 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-116-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Davoud Agha-Aligol daghaaligol@aeoi.org.ir Parvin Oliaiy poliaiy@aeoi.org.ir Mahmoud Moradi mmoradi2@yahoo.com Mohammad Lamehi-Rachti mlamehi@aeoi.org.ir In investigation of production technology and provenance studies of historical objects as well as to propose and develop strategies for restoring and conservation, it is necessary to get information about studied samples. This information is different according to the type and kind of materials of historical objects. Today, identify and accurately determine the elemental composition and constituent material of given sample is one of this essential information that be able to measure using modern laboratory instruments In this paper, was presented some results was obtained in past few years from different historical and cultural objects using micro ion beam analysis in Van de Graaff laboratory of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute. Investigation of Painted enameled potteries to determine the different pigments used in, determine the thickness and purity of the gold layer in gilded enameled potteries, determine the responsible elements to brightness of wall painting in a historical place, Investigate the causes of corrosion and degradation of an old manuscript, determine purity of Elymais bronze coins and determine the type of Iranian historical and ancient glasses are some studied objects that will be presented in this paper. The results of these analysis will significantly help to investigate the production technology, to determine the authenticity of the samples and finally to use in restoration of these historical objects. micro-beam archaeometry elemental composition restoration conservation. 2017 4 01 35 52 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-117-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Hamidreza Bakhshandehfard hr.bakhshan@aui.ac.ir Sedighe Taheri The objects of the study are two bronze daggers dated back to the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. They lack any ornaments and there is corrosion and oxidation in their surface. The purpose of this study is to recognize the technological and pathological research on the mentioned objects through comparative and pathological studies and library method, to conduct the technological and pathological research through laboratory method (wet chemistry, radiography, metallography, metal core elemental analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), analysis of corrosion by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to identify the metal and making techniques and to determine the types of damage, and finally to perform the conservation and restoration of the these objects through the conservation plan. After studying and conducting experiments mentioned, it was determined that the material of the objects was bronze with carbonate and chloride corrosion. The making methods in these objects is casting and hammering. They were recognized to belong to the Iron Age. bronze dagger Technology Corrosion Second Millennium BC Garu. 2017 4 01 53 65 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-118-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Omid Oudbashi o.oudbashi@aui.ac.ir Recently risk assessment and management in cultural-historical collections is one of the important subjects in the field of preventive conservation research. Different methods and aspects of are used and studied in the field of risk assessment in archaeological sites and collections and significant results are achieved and published in last decades. One of the types of archaeological collections is metal collections that may be found in archaeological excavations. In this paper, application of risk assessment approach is investigated to estimate conservation condition in archaeological bronze collection. This approach is concentrated on occurrence of active corrosion (bronze disease) and factors influencing it during burial time and post-excavation period. Thus, the results of analyses based on an analytical system is considered that is performed previously (Metal-Environment-Corrosion system) including identification of soil environment, characterization of corrosion mechanism and their effect on conservation condition in bronze objects. For this purpose, two bronze collections are studied that are discovered from Haft Tappeh and Sangtarashan sites from Iran. The condition of two collections is assessed consisting of identification of risks and deterioration factors influencing bronze objects during excavation operation as well as post-excavation preservation and risk assessment based on occurrence of active corrosion in the collections. Finally, conservation condition and excavation procedure and preservation of the collections are estimated and analyzed based on the corrosion mechanism occurred in the objects and results of risk assessment in soil and museum environments. Risk Assessment Archaeological Bronzes Bronze disease Soluble Chloride Relative Humidity. 2017 4 01 67 82 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-119-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Nima Nezafati nima.nezafati@gmail.com Morteza Hessari mhessari@yahoo.de The East Chia Sabz site is located at the bank of the Seymareh river in the middle of Zagros Mountain chain. The site is among the few collections of the Acramic Neolithic sites of eighth millenium BCE of Zagros which was archaeologically investigated during the rescue archaeological studies of the Seymareh dam. Numerous bullet-shaped core stones were unearhted during the archaeological excavation of the site, from which some were investigated using XRD analysis. According to the results, most of the lithic artifacts demonstrate a similar mineralogy and it seems that they had been provided from a local source. In this regard, the silisic cobbles of the Amiran Formation that are also available from the river beds could have been a significant source. Neolithic era archaeometry mineralogy XRD Amiran Formation. 2017 4 01 83 88 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-120-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Parastou Naeimi Taraei pnaiemy@yahoo.com Shaiba Khadir shaiba_khadir@yahoo.com Due to the complex corrosion mechanism of the bronze objects, explaining the structure of different layers of corrosion in these objects at microscopic levels is possible. Typically copper oxide(I) is the first corrosion layer on surface of bronze objects that are excavated of historical sites. However, depending on the environmental conditions، various forms of corrosion layer of tin or copper-rich oxide are formed that are effective in corrosion resistance of objects. Identification of tin oxides or copper-tin corrosion products is not simple by using of routine methods of instrumental analysis.However in this research the formation process of copper and tin oxides of some of historical bronze objects of Iran were studied by using the optical microscope with polarized light that show colored corrosion products and in some cases the method of scanning electron microscopy equipped with elemental analysis (SEM-EDX) was used to complete the identification process of oxide layers. According to the results, identify of evidence of differences in distribution of copper and tin in the microstructure that is result of macroscopic and microscopic segregation, formation of a solid solution of copper besides the copper-copper oxide eutectic mixture during the solidification process, the appearance of copper oxide inclusions in the microstructure of metal, moving The tin-rich layer of copper oxide layer to the outside, formation of copper oxide-tin oxide sandwiching layers, selective dissolution of tin in the outer layers, decuprification phenomenon in corrosion layers  and condensation of tin oxides in the center of sample and finally the usual formation or degradation of copper oxide layer under certain conditions have been studied with microscopic imagesof selected samples of bronze objects which confirmed the ability of microscopic techniques in the study of oxide layers of bronze objects. Bronze Corrosion Copper Oxide Tin Oxide Microscopic Methods. 2017 4 01 89 102 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-121-en.pdf

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Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration KCR 2538-6093 3060-6217 10.61882/kcr 2017 1 1 Manijeh Hadian Dehkordi m_hadian@yahoo.com Rasoul Vatandoost Christoph Herm herm@serv1.hfbk-dresden.de Stefan Simon stefan.simon@yale.edu The dangers posed by O3to historical properties and art works, as well as limited accessibility and inapplicable instrumental methods for measuring O3concentrationhave made it much more necessary to use low tech and inexpensive methods for this purpose in almost all museum environments. On the other hand, elastomers are known as polymers with high reactivity to ozone and latex as a natural elastomer is the most sensitive one to this gaseous pollutant. Hence this polymer has been considered as an ozone dosimeter. In this scientific investigation, in order to attain the ozone dosimeter, the effect of this gas on the latex strips prepared in artificial condition was studied. For this purpose an aging chamber equipped with ozone generator was used. Since the oxidation of latex strips can also occur as a result of UV radiations, in order to study and compare the process with Ozone gas, testing samples were aged using UV lamps of 254 and 366 nm wavelengths.  All the examinations were carried out at 24 oC and 40% RH. The aged and intact latex strips were studied by means of ATR-FT-IR and digital microscope. The results demonstrate the diverse and discernible oxidizing effects of O3 and UV radiations on latex. Furthermore, it is possible to estimate the concentration of ozone in the environment by the calibration of latex strips. The verification of the results obtained by latex dosimeters in museum environments was carried out by Ozone sensor over a day, confirming the results acquired. Elastomer Ozone Museum UV radiation Latex. 2017 4 01 103 110 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-122-en.pdf