per Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration 2538-6093 3060-6217 2023-12 6 3 2 15 article Faramarz Rostami Charati f.rostami@richt.ir 1 Parastoo Erfanmenesh 2 Fathollah Niyazi 3 Associate Professor. Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism, RCCCR, Tehran, Iran Research Staff, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, RCCCR. Tehran, Iran Research Staff, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, RCCCR. Tehran, Iran  In this research, the chemical and antimicrobial analysis of the essential oil extracted from coal smoke was investigated. The operation of collecting wood vinegar by condensing the smoke exhaust gases resulting from pyrolysis of citrus and lemon trees in the coal production process in the north of the country was carried out in three stages. By performing the necessary chemical analyzes on these extractive materials, the presence of various organic compounds such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds is visible. At the end, checking the anti-micron effects of these extracted substances with samples of fungi and bacteria available in the laboratory has been tested initially. The use of plant compounds, especially plant extracts, is one of the most promising alternatives to chemical pesticides. Plant extracts have a wide range of secondary metabolites that play an important role in plant-pest interactions. which due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties can be considered a suitable alternative in the field of agricultural food and medicine. They are produced from plant or microbial sources that have less risks for the environment and human health and can be used in two ways. The use of natural pesticides as an environmentally friendly approach in preserving cultural heritage can be considered as an innovation in this field. be considered Essential oils such as peppermint oil, rosemary oil and other oils with antimicrobial and sunscreen properties can be used to preserve cultural works against the growth of microbes and insect spawning. It is important that when using natural pesticides to preserve cultural works, it is important to be careful and know the characteristics of each substance and how to use them correctly to ensure of prevent any damage to cultural historical monuments. The wood species considered for the preparation of vinegar was lemon tree from the north of the country. The organic solvents used in the extraction process were dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, diethyl chloroform, and THF, which were obtained from the Indian company Loba Chem. The devices used in this research are NMR, FTIRGC-Mass and TLC. Microbial tests are performed with two types of strains. The fungus was Spexillus niger and Penicillium. In this experiment, the pyrolysis process of lemon tree wood has been tested in the coal production furnace in the north of the country. During the entire production process, a batch of production was carried out in a controlled manner. The wood was collected with three different cuts. The first cut was watery and transparent, which was not the target of the study. The middle cut was the target composition that was collected. It is mainly composed of organic materials and its investigation is not included in this project. The composition of the red colored liquid of the wood extracted from the middle section was transferred to the laboratory in the next step with organic solvents such as dichloromethane and other pairs of organic solvents into two phases. Aqueous and organic were purified and separated. After that each of the extracted phases have been subjected to necessary chemical and microbial analyses. The use of extractive materials of natural compounds is of particular importance due to its environmental friendliness. Essential oils and plant extracts can be used as natural and safe pesticides. Since ancient times, producing charcoal from wood as a heat source has been a very common method. However, the extraction and burning of coal smoke has not been addressed until many applications of coal smoke have been reported in the present era. The use of essential oil from coal smoke in agricultural industries is also possible because it can be used as a fertilizer due to the rich source of organic carbon. However, in many articles, this essential oil has been mentioned as a control agent for biological and anti-fungal and bacterial agents. Based on this, the current research has been designed to extract aromatic and essential oils with a natural base, especially from waste materials such as charcoal smoke, which is a valuable branch in the direction of extracting and using biocompatible materials to control fungal and microbial factors in the field of heritage. Based on the investigations and the results of chemical and analytical analyzes as well as microbial tests, the targeted essential oil (from lemon tree charcoal) has aliphatic and aromatic compounds that are effective in controlling microbial agents. The effectiveness of this test is different for different types of wood and different microbial strains. Depending on the concentration of the extracted smoke sample, different results will be output. It is likely that charcoal essential oil is more effective at higher concentrations and should be tested. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-90-en.pdf Wood Pyrolysis Wood Vinegar Isolation GC-Mass Analysis Antimicrobial Properties. per Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration 2538-6093 3060-6217 2023-12 6 3 16 28 article Nasrin Noohi Babajan nasrinnoohi@gmail.com 1 Farah Madani 2 Manijeh Hadian Dehkordi 3 Assistant Professor.Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism, RCCCR, Tehran, Iran Assistant Professor.Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism, RCCCR, Tehran, Iran Valuable cultural heritage is always exposed to the invasion of biological agents and the resulting destruction, especially when the physical and chemical conditions of the work and its surrounding environment are compatible with the characteristics of an organism or a microorganism. Therefore, preventing the occurrence of such conditions and limiting the invasion of biological agents should be among the main and primary goals of every center. Over the years, various methods such as the use of disinfectants have been used to control biological agents in various historical and cultural collections. With the passage of time and increasing awareness of the harmful effects of these substances on the treated works, the environment and the users, nowadays the use of non-toxic alternative methods is more recommended. Experience has shown that the method that causes the least damage to collections and employees is preventive methods and regular control, which is possible through monitoring and managing the environment. Integrated pest management with the ultimate goal of removing harmful biological agents from a place is one of the long-term preventives and non-toxic methods of controlling biological agents that is used in many museums, archives, and libraries. In this article, along with a brief overview of biological deterioration and its preventive and control strategies, microbiological monitoring of the air inside 4 storerooms in the world heritage complex of Golestan Palace Museum including: the anthropological clothing, the manuscripts, the carpets, and the Painting storerooms was carried out. For this purpose, air sampling was done by sedimentation method and isolated microbial colonies on the culture media were investigated and identified. The results of the microbiological monitoring of the air inside the storerooms in this study showed that except for the carpet storeroom, other studied storerooms, including the anthropological clothing, the manuscript and the painting storerooms, are acceptable in terms of the number of microorganisms in the air. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-91-en.pdf Biodeterioration Microorganism Preventive Protection Integrated Pest Management Environmental Monitoring. per Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration 2538-6093 3060-6217 2023-12 6 3 29 37 article Masoome Amighpey amighpey@yahoo.com 1 Fatemeh Ghoraiyan 2 Akram Molayi 3 Land surveying department, National cartographic center, Tehran, Iran Radar image processing expert, Land surveying department, National cartographic center Tehran, Iran Radar image processing expert, Land surveying department, National cartographic center Tehran, Iran Antiquities and cultural heritage are the birth certificates of any country. Since the ancient works define any land's age, history, and civilization, it is necessary to protect cultural historical works by combining science and art. Iran is one of the first in the world to have ancient monuments and historical and cultural buildings and has the oldest culture and civilization. Climate changes around the world and their consequences in the form of continuous droughts, water shortages, and seasonal floods have cast a shadow on the country's cultural heritage in the past few years. One of the consequences of climate change has been water scarcity and pressure on underground water resources. The lack of management of underground water resources and their indiscriminate extraction has caused widespread subsidence in the world and Iran. On the one hand, subsidence is considered an environmental threat that destroys the aquifer and soil, and on the other hand, it destroys the buildings and structures located in the place. Many subsidence has spread to urban areas and caused destruction and damage to ancient monuments. Geodetic data and methods such as radar interferometry, GPS data, accurate leveling observations, and gravimeters are used to diagnose and monitor the areas affected by the risk of subsidence. Radar interferometry with wide coverage and high spatial resolution, along with GPS with high temporal resolution, as well as accurate leveling observations and high-precision gravimeters, can be a suitable source for changing the shape of the earth's surface in the region. GonbadKavos Tower, the tallest brick tower in the world, is one of the most important ancient monuments of Iran in Golestan province. Considering the importance of protecting ancient and historical monuments, it is important to investigate the amount of subsidence of the Gorgan Plain in the area of this tower to evaluate its effect on the shape of the tower. To investigate the area and extent of subsidence of Gorgan Plain, the integration of geodetic observations in the region, including radar interferometry, leveling, and GPS was used. To investigate the subsidence range of this province, 53 sensor radar images were obtained from the Sentinel-1 satellite from the European Space Center between July 2017 and June 2019. The results show that due to the lack of management of the process of extracting  underground water sources in the Gorgan Plain, unfortunately, this plain has experienced extensive land surface subsidence with a maximum rate of 22 cm per year. One of the sensitive structures located in the subsidence area of the Gorgan Plain is the Gonbad Kavos Tower. The rate of subsidence in the area of this tower is 6 cm per year. Also, the changes in the subsidence rate in the area of the tower and its surroundings are significant. To preserve and maintain this tower, the need to use methods of strengthening the structure in this historical work is something that should be taken into consideration. On the other hand, it is suggested to manage the use of underground water resources in the Gorgan Plain, modify the cultivation pattern to prohibit the cultivation of water-rich crops in agriculture, and artificially feed the aquifer to stop subsidence in the Gorgan region. It is also suggested to use micro geodesy observations and calculations to investigate and monitor the shape change of this historical tower.   http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-92-en.pdf InSAR subsidence Gonbad Kavoos tower. per Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration 2538-6093 3060-6217 2023-12 6 3 38 51 article Moein Poursadegh .BA of Conservation and Restoration, Art University of Isfahan.Iran 1 Mohsen Mohamadi Achacheloei 2 .BA of Conservation and Restoration, Art University of Isfahan.Iran Assistance Professor, Faculty of Conservation and Restoration, Art University of Isfahan.Iran In this research, considering the necessity of conservation and restoration of wooden doors and their significance in Iranian architecture, as well as understanding the structure of historical wooden artifacts, necessary actions were taken to study, restore, and conserve a two-leaf wooden door belonging to the ivan of Sukiass house in Isfahan. Following preliminary damage assessment, various tests (including pH testing, colorimetry, equilibrium moisture content measurement, species identification, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were conducted on the study sample. The results indicated the acidic nature of the structure of the sample under study, minimal color changes before and after the restoration process, standard equilibrium moisture content, the use of Oriental Plane tree wood (Platanus orientalis L) in the construction of the artifact, and the absence of significant structural damage on the sample surface. Historical wooden artifacts are typically classified into three main categories of physical, chemical, and biological damages. The study sample exhibited physical damages such as abrasion, cracking, and microcracks, environmental temperature effects resulting in color changes on the artifact,s surface, as well as the impacts of dust and debris. In the chemical damage category, tissue acidification in the artifact was observed, along with noticeable impacts of pollution. Biological damages caused by insect infestations, categorized under wood biological damages, were visible as multiple boreholes on the artifact,s surface. Additionally, the presence of a burnt section at the lower part of one of the door leaves is another damage incurred by the study artifact. In line with conservation and aesthetic principles, necessary measures include cleaning the door and its frame, addressing deficiencies and cracks, protecting the artifact from pests, and applying polish and acid treatment. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-93-en.pdf Wooden Door Conservation Restoration Wood Sukias House Safavid Period. per Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration 2538-6093 3060-6217 2023-12 6 3 52 63 article Fatemeh Alimirzaei f.alimirzaei@richt.ir 1 Researcher, Research Center for Conservation and Restoration of cultural Relics, Tehran, Iran. In this report we wanted to remind parts of principles and methods of conservation and restoration of pottery objects, and to present reconstruction process of two large pottery Jar (Khomreh) belong to Sassanian period during a written and illustrated report. also, we explained the difference created when choosing materials and methods. The jars were obtained from excavating Varamin Plain by Dr. Morteza Hesari in 2017. They were restored at the conservation pottery workshop of the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Research center for conservation and restoration of relics (RCCCR). http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-94-en.pdf Conservation Restoration Sassanian Jar Varamin Plain Iran. per Research Institute for Cultural Heritage and Tourism Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration 2538-6093 3060-6217 2023-12 6 3 64 67 article Sayede Elahe Alavi Dehkordi e.alavi.72@gmail.com 1 Ph.D. student of conservation and restoration of historical-cultural objects; Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. The "Illustrated Atlas of Pathology of Historical-Cultural Textiles" by Fatemeh Alimirzaei and Shahrzad Aminshirazi is specially designed for conservators, restorers, students, museum curators, and collectors handling different categories of textiles. The book is divided into three chapters, addressing the pathology of historical textiles from three perspectives: physical-mechanical, chemical, and photochemical. However, the distinction of photochemical from chemical is rejected as unjustified since photochemical reactions are a subtype of chemical reactions induced by photons. A more suitable third type could be biological effects, which involve harm inflicted with the help of living organisms, including microbes, rodents, and insects. http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-95-en.pdf Fabric fibers restoration atlas pathology.