Knowledge of Conservation and Restoration

fa شناسایی رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ‌ﻫﺎی ﺳﺒﺰ ﻣﺲ - آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ‌ﻫﺎ و تزیینات ﻧﺴﺦ ﺧﻄﯽ دوره ﻗﺎﺟﺎر Identification of Copper-Arsenic Green Pigments in Some Paintings and Manuscript Decorations of the Qajar Period مستندسازی آثار و اشیا تاریخی- فرهنگی، موزه‌ای و آرایه‌های معماری. Documentation of historical-cultural, museum objects and architectural decorations پژوهشي Research, Original, Regular <div style="text-align: justify;">رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ‌ﻫﺎی  ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ  ﺳﺒﺰ  ﻣﺲ  -  آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ  ﺷﺎﻣﻞ  دو   رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ   ﺳﺒﺰ  ﺷﺌﻠﻪ   (CuHAsO3)  و  ﺳﺒﺰ  زﻣﺮدی (3Cu(AsO2)2.Cu(CH3CO)2 اﺳﺖ  ﮐﻪ   در  ﻗﺮون  ﻫﺠﺪﻫﻢ  و  ﻧﻮزدﻫﻢ  ﻣﯿﻼدی  در   اروﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺪاول  ﺑﻮده‌اﻧﺪ.  در   دوره   ﻗﺎﺟﺎر  ﺑﻪ   دﻟﯿﻞ  ﻣﺮاودات  ﺑﺎ  ﻏﺮب  این دو  رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ   وارد  ایران ﺷﺪﻧﺪ  و ﺑﻪ   دﻟﯿﻞ ارزان  ﺑﻮدن  و   ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ  ﺧﯿﻠﯽ سریع‌ترین ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻦ  سایر رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ‌ﻫﺎی ﺳﺒﺰ  ﻣﺜﻞ وردیگریس و   ﻣﺎﻻﮐﯿﺖ  ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.  ﻫﺪف  از  اﻧﺠﺎم  این ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ  ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ  در  ﺧﺼﻮص  وﺟﻮد  این رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ‌ﻫﺎ  در  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎی  دوره  ﻗﺎﺟﺎر  و  اﻧﺘﺨﺎب  بهترین روش  ﺟﻬﺖ  شناسایی این دو  رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ.  ﺑﺮای  این ﮐﺎر  از رﻧﮓ  ﺳﺒﺰ یک ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ  روی  ﺷﯿﺸﻪ،  یک ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ  روی  ﭼﻮب، یک ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ  دیواری و  یک ﻧﺴﺨﻪ   ﺧﻄﯽ  ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ  دوره  ﻗﺎﺟﺎر ﺑﻮد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‌ﺑﺮداری ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮای شناسایی رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪﻫﺎ از روشﻫﺎی دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ  ﻃﯿﻒﺳﻨﺠﯽ زیرﻗﺮﻣﺰ تبدیل فوریه (FTIR) ﻣﺠﻬﺰ  ﺑﻪ ﺳﻞ  اﻧﻌﮑﺎﺳﯽ  ATR،  ﭘﺮاش ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ  ایکس (XRD) و  ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ  اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ  روﺑﺸﯽ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ  ﭘﺎﺷﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ایکس (SEM/EDX) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده  ﺷﺪ. نتایج وﺟﻮد  ﺳﺒﺰ  زﻣﺮدی  را  در  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ  ﭘﺸﺖ  ﺷﯿﺸﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ   رﺷﻮﻧﺪ   قزوین،  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ  دیورای ارگ  کریم‌خانی ﺷﯿﺮاز و  تزیینات ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎررﻓﺘﻪ در  یک ﻧﺴﺨﻪ  ﺧﻄﯽ  ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ و  ﺳﺒﺰ  ﺷﺌﻠﻪ را  در  ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ  روی ﭼﻮب  ﺳﻘﺎﻧﻔﺎر  ﺑﺎﺑﻞ   ﺛﺎﺑﺖ  ﮐﺮد. نتایج ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ  ﻧﺸﺎن  داد  ﮐﻪ  بهترین و سریع‌ترین روش  آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ   این دو  ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ  FTIR  اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ  ﺑﺎ  ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ  ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ   این دو  رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ   را  شناسایی و  ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ  ﺗﻔﺎوت ساختمانی، آنﻫﺎ را از یک‌دیگر ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ دﻫﺪ.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Synthetic green copper-arsenic pigments include two pigments: shale green (CuHAsO3) and emerald green (3Cu(AsO2)2.Cu(CH3CO)2)<br> ,which were common in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the Qajar period, these two pigments were introduced to Iran due to trade with the West, and due to their cheapness and transparency, they quickly replaced other green pigments such as verdigris and malachite. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of these pigments in Qajar period paintings and to choose the best method to identify these two pigments. For this purpose, green was sampled from a painting on glass, a painting on wood, a mural, and a manuscript, all of which belonged to the Qajar period. To identify the pigments, instrumental methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with an ATR reflection cell, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) were used . The results proved the presence of emerald green in the painting behind the glass of the Rashvand Khaneh in Qazvin, the wall painting of the Karimkhani Citadel in Shiraz and the decorations used in a Quranic manuscript and Shaileh green in the painting on the wood of the Saqanfar in Babylon. The results also showed that the best and fastest method for analyzing these two compounds is FTIR, which can identify these two pigments with a minimum sample and distinguish them from each other due to their structural differences.</div>   رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ, ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺌﻠﻪ, ﺳﺒﺰ زﻣﺮدی, ﻗﺎﺟﺎر,FTIR . Pigment, Shaileh green, Emerald green, Qajar, FTIR. 1 12 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-11&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Roya Bahadori رویا بهادری r.bahadori@richt.ir Yes PhD in of Chemistry, Research Institute for the Conservation and Restoration of Historical-Cultural Objects, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Research Institute, Iran. اﺳﺘﺎدیﺎر ﺷﯿﻤﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ آﺛﺎر ﺗﺎریﺨﯽ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮی، ایﺮان.