fa نظریه‌های ﻣﺮﻣﺘﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎی تاریخی؛ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪای ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از دیوارنگاره‌های ﺑﻮم ﭘﺎرﭼﮥ تاریخی ایران کاربرد علوم، فناوری‌ها، تجهیزات، مواد و روش‌های نوین Application of modern sciences, technologies, equipment, materials and methods پژوهشي Research, Original, Regular <div style="text-align: justify;">ﺑﺮای ﺣﻔﻆ آﺛﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، در ﻗﺪم اول ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ از ایﻦ آﺛﺎر اﺳﺖ. از ﺑﺨﺶ‌ﻫﺎی ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، آرایﻪ‌ﻫﺎ و دیوارنگاره‌های آن اﺳﺖ. دیوارنگاره ﺑﻮم‌ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‌ای از دیوارنگاره‌ها اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮاد و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ، روش اﺟﺮا و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ، ﺑﺎ دیوارنگاره‌های ﻣﻌﻤﻮل و ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ این ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ اولین مرحله ﺑﺮای ﺣﻔﻆ اﺛﺮ ﻫﻨﺮی، ﻓﻬﻢ و ادراک آن اﺳﺖ، ﺗﻔﺎوت این آﺛﺎر ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪای اﺳﺖ که اﻧﺠﺎم روشﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ (ﺑﺪون ادراک ﺻﺤﯿﺢ اﺛﺮ) ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺪﺷﻪدار ﺷﺪن اﺻﺎﻟﺖ و ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯿﺖ آنﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع دیوارنگاره‌ ﺑﻮم ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن این آﺛﺎر را در ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ روی ﮐﺮﺑﺎس ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. و&nbsp;&nbsp;ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ این آﺛﺎر را در زﻣﺮه دیوارنگاره‌ها ﻣﯽﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در این ﺣﻮزه وجود ندارد. ﻧﻈﺮیهﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﻣﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ اراﺋﻪ و ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، اﺷﺎرهﻫﺎیی ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎی ﺗﺎریخی دارﻧﺪ، وﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ دیوارنگاره‌های ﺑﻮم ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ اﺷﺎره ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺻﻮل و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺮی ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ این ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از دیوارنگاره‌ها، ﻧﯿﺎز اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﻮرﻫﺎ، ﻧﻈﺮیهﻫﺎ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎی تاریخی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻃﺒﻖ این ﻧﻈﺮیهﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻮزه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ دیوارنگاره‌های ﺑﻮم ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﺘﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روﺷﻤﻨﺪ دیوارنگاره‌های ﺑﻮمﭘﺎرﭼﻪ را ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ، ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﮐﺮد و ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻧﻤﺎیش داد. در این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﻻیهﻫﺎی ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه دیوارنگاره‌های تاریخی ایران ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب در ﺣﻮزه ﻧﻈﺮی ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎی تاریخی اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، در واﻗﻊ این ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ، ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪای اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ دیوارنگاره‌های ﺑﻮم ﭘﺎرﭼﮥ ایران.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">To preserve valuable architectural works, the first step is to have a complete and comprehensive understanding of these works. Among the valuable parts of architectural works are their decorations and murals. Canvas murals are a type of mural that differs from regular and continuous murals in terms of materials, execution method, and generally in nature. Considering that the first step in preserving a work of art is its understanding and perception, the difference between these works is such that carrying out the usual methods of conservation and restoration (without a correct understanding of the work) will damage their authenticity and integrity. In the research conducted on the subject of canvas murals, some researchers place these works in the group of paintings on canvas, and some researchers also recognize these works as murals, and there is insufficient knowledge in this field. The restoration theories that have been presented and published at the national and international levels have references to the preservation and restoration of historical paintings, but they have not directly mentioned how to preserve and restore canvas murals. In order to reach the theoretical principles and foundations of the preservation and restoration of this type of murals, it is necessary to examine international charters, theories, and guidelines in the field of the preservation of historical paintings so that, according to these theories and also the studies that are carried out in the field of identifying the criteria for the preservation of canvas murals, it is possible to systematically recognize, restore, and display canvas murals correctly. In this article, the constituent layers of historical Iranian murals are first introduced, and then the results of the studies of written sources in the theoretical field of the restoration of historical paintings are presented. In fact, these studies and discussions are an introduction to the preservation and restoration of Iranian canvas murals.</div> نظﺮیهﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﻣﺘﯽ, ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ, ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽﻫﺎی تاریخی, دیوارنگاره‌های ﺑﻮم ﭘﺎرچه. Restoration theories, conservation, historical paintings, canvas murals. 1 11 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-102&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Yaser Hamzavi یاسر حمزوی y.hamzavi@richt.ir yaserhamzavi99@gmail.co m Yes PhD student, Restoration of Historical and Cultural Objects, Isfahan University of Art, Iran. داﻧﺸﺠﻮی دوره دﮐﺘﺮی ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ، رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ اﺷﯿﺎی تاریخی و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻨﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، ایﺮان.