In this study, considerations for design, characterization, and in-situ application of sustainable materials for restorative use in the Pasargadae world heritage site are discussed. Based on some prior studies on sustainable waste-based restorative mortars, air lime mortars were made from lime putty, mixture of stones from the site, and additive sesame oils. The mortar samples were characterized in terms of microstructure, carbonation rate, hydric properties, and durability. The characterization aimed at compatibility assessment of mortars with a real situation. Considering the variety of natural conditions parameters compared to the laboratory, the mortar samples were also characterized in the site conditions. The results suggested the laboratory characterization, if done properly, can provide a promising degree of representation for the field conditions.
Macromolecular and hydrophilic networks, with the ability to retain solvents within their hydrophilic macromolecular structures, have been utilized for an extended period in as poultice. These networks are mainly cellulose-based pastes, and the most significant issue associated with their use is adhesion and the potential for residues to remain on the surface of artifacts, and its side effects. Over the past decades, and based on new technologies, novel gels with features such as reversibility, complete removability from surfaces, ease of preparation, and the compatibility with solvent-based nanofluids have been introduced to the field of restoration. Among them, modified cellulose gels, reversible organogels and nanomagnetic sponge gels can be mentioned. This article is a review of the introduction of the structure and applications of new gels in the field of cleaning processes within the restoration of historical cultural objects.
