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Showing 8 results for Reconstruction
Methods of parchment conservation and restoration
Narguess Afzalipour,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7-2017)
Abstract
Parchment, typically derived from the skin of goats, sheep, or deer, is a common material for handwritten treasures and various artistic artifacts. It is composed of collagen, some keratin, elastin, and very small amounts of albumin and globulin. Generally, leather is not a single material but rather a group of related materials with many common characteristics. Products made from skin, such as rawhide (untanned), parchment, fur, leather, and others, share many of these properties. Given the sensitivity of these objects, it is essential to conduct tolerance and solubility tests on the parchment, adhesives used in the binding and old repairs, ink, and pigments with respect to solvents used for cleaning, stain removal, and removal of old repairs and additions before commencing parchment conservation and restoration. This is because all materials used may have a specific impact on its structure. In the present study, the structural studies of skin and the manufacturing method of parchment are investigated. Damages and damaging agents have been studied, and softeners, adhesives, and consolidants used have been reviewed based on available resources. An attempt has been made to compile methods of parchment restoration and reconstruction based on the latest available techniques in this field. It is hoped that the initiation of research such as this article will pave the way for broader and more comprehensive research in this direction.

Presenting methods for reconstructing the dome of the Khanqah of Sultan Ibrahim Khorrambid, Fars Province
Ehsan Rad,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Khanqah of Sultan Ibrahim Khorrambid is a unique relic of the Timurid period. This building has exquisite stucco decorations, combined stone and tile decorations, and mosaic tiles. The building has a central domed chamber (gonbadkhaneh), the dome of which almost completely collapsed due to the earthquake and only a small part of it remains. Considering the climatic conditions, public expectations, and the need to preserve the decorative elements, reconstruction of the dome is deemed necessary. In the reconstruction of the dome, there are obstacles such as the weakness of the existing structure, the type of structure to be reconstructed, and the style of the dome. In this study, three methods for reconstructing the dome have been proposed: constructing the dome with bricks and implementing a wooden ring in the arch, implementing a combined metal and brick structure, and implementing the dome with a wooden structure. Considering that a small volume of the dome remains and on the other hand, preserving the decorations is important, implementing the dome with a light structure (the last case) is suggested.

Recovering the Structure and Function of the Ancient Building of Kooh Khajeh Fortress Based on Archaeological Documents and Field Studies
Sara Sedghi, Nima Valibeig , Vahid Pourzarghan,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Sistan is one of the population centers in southeastern Iran. This region is located near the Iran-Afghanistan border and is home to monuments from the Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanid periods, which have attracted the attention of numerous archaeologists. Kooh Khajeh Fortress, the only natural feature in this vast plain, boasts a collection of monuments dating from prehistoric to Islamic times. Historical documents indicate that during the Parthian Empire, a palace with ritual and religious functions was established on the slopes of Kooh Khajeh, transforming this area of Sistan into one of the worship centers for Zoroastrians. This structure, known as Rostam Castle until around 1500 AD, has also been referred to as Gondafreh Palace, Gaspar Palace, Se-mogh Palace, and more recently as Kafaroon Castle or "Kohan Dezh."Due to the complexity of its various historical layers and the lack of research in this area, many parts of the Kohan Dezh monuments, located on the hillside of Kooh Khajeh, remain unknown. The primary focus of this study is to survey these monuments based on archaeological documents, field studies, and available evidence. The research aims to recover the physical structures of the building through structural reconstruction, as they are undergoing changes and destruction. The necessity of this research is underscored by the limited number of studies conducted on this site. This research employs a descriptive-historical and field-based methodology. The results of the study reveal that the palace's structure includes extensions added after its initial construction. These additions have led to the loss of the building's original form and structure, disrupted the proper movement system, and obscured the architectural decorations characteristic of Sassanid architecture.

Reconstruction of Historical Ceramic Objects with Numerous Missing Parts
Ali Meirzai , Noushin Bensloo,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
The ceramic objects are one of the most important evidence of the Neolithic era. Due to the physical and mechanical damages, they need proper conservative strategies. The reconstruction of historical ceramic objects with a large number of missing parts has been a challenge for conservators. The importance of this matter is owing to the historical, technological, and aesthetic values of objects. So, their conservation and reconstruction must be in line with the conservation protocols to conserve their integrity. In this paper, we describe reconstructing process of a historical ceramic object belonging to the Neolithic period recovered from Silve Tepe in Piranshahr City in the northwest of Iran. In this process, we are trying a new method for casting on a sample with numerous missing parts. After preliminary studies of the sample, the reconstruction of it is described.

The Report of an Experience: Restoration of a Painted Bowl Pottery Belonging to the Old Bronze Age (2500-3000 BC) by Using Papier-Mache
Mehdi Razani, Arina Rashid Zadeh, Ramin Mohammadi Sefidkhani,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
The Reconstruction of damaged cultural-historical artifacts is essential for facilitating communication with the audience and, in some cases, in their conservation. The methods used for reconstructing pottery artifacts vary based on their destructive characteristics, missing parts, and the requirements of the cultural-social context. These methods have been carried out using different materials and techniques throughout different periods. Naturally, as science advances in the field of conservation and restoration, these methods and materials continue to evolve. This article not only introduces some restoration methods for pottery objects but also delves into the restoration of delicate pieces using the papier-mâché technique. Reconstructing delicate objects presents challenges concerning stability and balance due to the added weight the use of numerous filling materials during the reconstruction of missing parts can create problems in maintaining the balance and stability of the artifact. Therefore, in order to assess the papier-mâché method in restoring delicate and lightweight pottery artifacts, a fine and lightweight vessel acquired from the archaeological excavations at the Silveh tepe, situated in West Azarbaijan province, was restored. The main objective of this article is to introduce and implement a fresh approach for reconstructing fragile pottery objects with papier-mâché, which is deemed a thoughtful method due to its lightness, strength, ease of modification, and ability to preserve the balance and stability of the artifacts.

Typology, Characterization and Preservation-Digital Reconstruction of the Tombstone of Ohadi Maraghei
Parisa Zahedi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
The use of tombstones to mark the burial place of the dead is an ancient tradition. Over time, its types, shapes, and sizes depending on the traditions, culture, and religion, as well as the impact that the deceased had on his family and society during his lifetime has been changed. Tombstones also play an important role in preserving history, as they often have inscriptions that provide insight into the people buried beneath them and the cultural practices of that historical period. The tombstones of the Islamic period play an important role in recognizing Islamic culture in the past ages. Ohadi Maragheh is a poet of the late 7th and early 8th century AH, and his tomb is in a cemetery in Maragheh and his tombstone is a sandstone box with decorations and inscriptions. In this article, using field, library, and laboratory studies, the typology, characterization and preservation-digital reconstruction of the tombstone of Ohadi Maraghei have been studied. Using this method before carrying out physical conservation and restoration activities can be helpful in showing what will happen. The restorer can give researchers a general picture of the restored work by performing digital reconstructions.

Conservation, Restoration and Reconstruction of the Marble Tombstone of Seyyed Ruhollah Kashfi Darabi in Tabriz Islamic Art University
Mehdi Razani, Ali Mirzaei, Ramin Mohammadi Sefidkhani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
This article examines and identifies the tombstone of the late Seyyed Rouhollah Kashfi Darabi and discusses how to carry out its restoration, reconstruction, and display. The necessity and importance of this research is the attention to the conservation and restoration of outdoor stone artefacts in the museum that are exposed to environmental factors in open areas. This has been accomplished through laboratory studies identifying stones using petrographic methods and examining similar past experiences in the region through field and library research. After documenting, analyzing, and evaluating the intervention and reconstruction methods, the incomplete interventions of previous restorations were cleaned up and rectified. In continuation, the reconstruction of the tombstone was carried out using silicone molds and polyester resin. The restoration intervention was done by examining and comparing various reconstruction methods for such works and the less-considered idea was innovatively implemented by reconstructing the missing parts with polyester resin (simulating marble stone) while considering technical and aesthetic principles. Finally, conservation and restoration measures were carried out using 4% Paraloid B-72 as a coating-stabilizer and it was entrusted to the technical office of Tabriz Islamic Art University with arrangements for display and conceptual space. Despite the positive aspects of the reconstruction measures in terms of technical and aesthetic principles, due to the location of the artifact in the outdoor environment and exposed to destructive environmental factors, follow-up researches are needed to investigate the behaviour of stone and restoration materials.

Splashed Ware Pottery Manufacturing Technology in Iran
Atefe Fazel, Vajihe Avay ,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (6-2025)
Abstract
A large group of Islamic-era ceramics consists of splashed ware and sgraffito pottery, which are of significant historical and technical importance. This study aims to reconstruct the production technology of splashed ware during the Islamic period in Iran by examining its formation process and technical fabrication stages. This research seeks to answer the following questions: What was the process of splashed glaze formation in Iran? How can the technical stages of splashed glaze reconstruction be achieved based on the study of samples? To this end, 100 studied samples were examined, and 10 specimens were purposefully selected for experimental reconstruction of splashed ware. The research methodology is applied, utilizing historical analysis and experimental testing to produce samples of splashed ware ceramics. The study samples were carefully analyzed to understand the materials and manufacturing processes involved in splashed ware technology.

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