Danesh
Hefazat va Maremat
Search published articles
Showing 4 results for Raman
Nazli Darkhal,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Raman microscopy is a powerful, rapid, and non-destructive technique that enables chemical microanalysis and chemical imaging (chemical mapping). These features make Raman microscope an ideal and widely used tool in research and analytical laboratories. Raman analysis is based on the interaction of light with the chemical bonds of the sample and measures the spectrum corresponding to each point of the sample. The Raman signature is obviously dependent on the wavelengths of the excitation and reaction with the substrates. Therefore, each chemical compound has its own characteristic Raman spectrum, and in this way, qualitative and quantitative information can be obtained for each material. This instrumental analysis method, which is also considered non-destructive, can be perform the necessary
study on an object without the need for sampling. Therefore, it is a very suitable method for studying exquisite historical artifacts that are practically impossible to sampling, and today it is of great interest to art and history researchers. The use of this method in the field of cultural heritage (such as restoration, archaeology, and architecture) is generally for identifying and analysis of the constituent materials of art and historical artifacts. Like other methods, it also has its drawbacks and limitations, along with its numerous advantages. Investigating and evaluating the characteristics of historical artifacts and their constituent components with regard to the fields of structure, technology, and pathology using non-destructive analysis (NDT) is one of the most important and considered aspects in archaeometry. In this article, the application of Raman in identifying ancient artifacts, including minerals, stones, patinas and corrosive products, glass, pottery, mortar, paint, adhesives, resin, paper, parchment, ink, and human remains, is examined. Examples of laboratory studies using the micro-Raman spectrometer of the Research Center for Conservation of Cultural Relics are also provided. Microspectrometry and SERS testing can be considered appropriate answer to archaeometric and conservation questions for each category of objects, using specific spectral parameters along with the latest advancements.
study on an object without the need for sampling. Therefore, it is a very suitable method for studying exquisite historical artifacts that are practically impossible to sampling, and today it is of great interest to art and history researchers. The use of this method in the field of cultural heritage (such as restoration, archaeology, and architecture) is generally for identifying and analysis of the constituent materials of art and historical artifacts. Like other methods, it also has its drawbacks and limitations, along with its numerous advantages. Investigating and evaluating the characteristics of historical artifacts and their constituent components with regard to the fields of structure, technology, and pathology using non-destructive analysis (NDT) is one of the most important and considered aspects in archaeometry. In this article, the application of Raman in identifying ancient artifacts, including minerals, stones, patinas and corrosive products, glass, pottery, mortar, paint, adhesives, resin, paper, parchment, ink, and human remains, is examined. Examples of laboratory studies using the micro-Raman spectrometer of the Research Center for Conservation of Cultural Relics are also provided. Microspectrometry and SERS testing can be considered appropriate answer to archaeometric and conservation questions for each category of objects, using specific spectral parameters along with the latest advancements.
Elahe Pourabdollah,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (10-2021)
Volume 4, Issue 1 (10-2021)
Abstract
Pigments play a crucial role in identifying the authenticity of historical and cultural artworks and hold a special position in conservation and restoration practices. Among them, recognizing the methods of identifying pigments used in historical manuscripts plays a significant role in determining the identity and authenticity of these artifacts. This study aims to review various methods of identifying pigments employed in historical manuscripts. Investigations in this paper have been conducted using non-destructive analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron
Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and optical imaging for elemental and compositional identification of pigments. Among these methods, SEM-EDX and point analysis
have been more commonly used in identifying historical pigments. Additionally, the combination of multiple techniques can be a suitable solution for identification purposes, but depending on the purpose of identification and the sensitivity of the artifact, factors such as the feasibility of on-site analysis or transferring artifacts to various laboratory facilities, using non-destructive methods, the possibility of sampling, and the significance and value of the artifact should be considered to adopt the best possible method. If necessary, combining tests and instrumental methods can lead to a more accurate understanding of pigments alongside their chemical composition.
Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and optical imaging for elemental and compositional identification of pigments. Among these methods, SEM-EDX and point analysis
have been more commonly used in identifying historical pigments. Additionally, the combination of multiple techniques can be a suitable solution for identification purposes, but depending on the purpose of identification and the sensitivity of the artifact, factors such as the feasibility of on-site analysis or transferring artifacts to various laboratory facilities, using non-destructive methods, the possibility of sampling, and the significance and value of the artifact should be considered to adopt the best possible method. If necessary, combining tests and instrumental methods can lead to a more accurate understanding of pigments alongside their chemical composition.
Pouya Talebnia, Elham Ghaderyan ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The documentation of rural settlements, a crucial element in effective planning and management, requires a systematic and goal-oriented approach. This process involves the integration of various scientific disciplines and methodologies, applied meticulously at each stage. The present research aims to share the experiences of documenting rural settlements within the unique cultural landscape of Hawraman. The documentation process encompasses 3D mapping through photogrammetry, the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the development of a detailed building inventory database. Additionally, comprehensive surveys are conducted to analyze structural elements such as pathways, plans of key buildings, architectural details, and openings. This study not only introduces modern and practical documentation techniques tailored to the cultural landscape of Hawraman but also evaluates the strengths and specific capabilities of each stage within a step-by-step, integrated methodology. Collecting precise quantitative and qualitative data throughout the process is paramount, particularly given the unique and challenging conditions of terraced rural settlements. The methods employed aim to minimize systematic errors and ensure high accuracy. The documentation efforts are part of a broader initiative to support the inclusion of the Hawraman cultural landscape on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Data gathered from 20 rural settlements in the region have been consolidated into a comprehensive documentation framework, which serves as a valuable resource for future scientific research, conservation, monitoring, promotion, and sustainable development initiatives. The findings and methodologies presented in this research offer a replicable model for documenting other historical rural and urban settlements, providing practical guidelines for heritage conservation and management.
Maryam Shirvani,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (11-2025)
Volume 8, Issue 3 (11-2025)
Abstract
The Karim Khani Castle is a monument from the Zand era in Shiraz. In this building, a wall painting is one of the decorations, which unfortunately was hidden under a layer of plaster during the Qajar era, so many studies have not been conducted to identify pigments from the Zand era. The aim of the study is to understand the structure of pigments in the Zand period wall paintings in the Karim Khani Castle. The question raised is what kind of materials are included in the composition of these coloring materials. For investigation, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and RAMAN instrumental methods were used. The findings indicate that the red pigment compositions included lead oxide (syringe) and possibly iron oxide (late), the blue pigment included ultramarine blue (lapis lazuli), and the green pigment included malachite (mountain green), which were applied on gypsum substrates and an oil-based compound was used as a binder. The pigments have a mineral structure and are durable, and despite the introduction of European oil paints in Iran, these color compounds have not been used in mural painting.
| Page 1 from 1 |