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Showing 7 results for Photogrammetry
Documentation and Conservation Analysis of the Entrance Inscription of Talibiya School, Tabriz
Leyli Nemani Khiyavi, Alireza Amiri Baghbadorani, Naser Zavari,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Historical inscriptions, especially in religious and educational buildings, are considered prominent and unique cultural and historical heritage symbols. One of these inscriptions, located at the entrance of the Talebiyyeh School in Tabriz, is a remarkable example of Iranian Islamic calligraphy and architecture. These stone carvings, with their writings and texts, bear profound messages about their time's history, culture, and social and political status. This paper focuses on the detailed analysis and reading of the inscription on the facade of the Talebiyyeh School, located at the entrance of Tabriz's covered bazaar. The inscription, written in the Thuluth script, offers important information not only on the artistic and architectural values but also on the endowment deeds and governmental orders of the time. The inscription, created in 1216 AH by the order of the ruling authorities of Tabriz and signed by prominent figures of the era, contains significant legal and religious concepts reflecting the spiritual and social dimensions of the period. This study, from the perspectives of linguistics, epigraphy, and the analysis of historical implications, introduces and explains the inscription, aiming to reveal its complex meanings through a deep examination of the actions taken on the monument, including the color harmonization. The main research questions are: What are the texts and writings of the inscription on the facade of the Talebiyyeh School in Tabriz, and what information does it convey? What changes have occurred on the inscription over time? How can the stone inscription be replicated to extract the maximum amount of information from this monument? To answer these questions, historical studies, field investigations, and modern documentation methods, including photogrammetry and digital design of the inscription's text, were employed. After completing these stages, the re-reading of the inscription text and examining its changes over time were accomplished. Preserving and maintaining this cultural heritage can pave the way for future research in the fields of conservation and the history of Islamic art.

 
Damage Map of Rostam and Ashkboos Relief in Divan Khaneh Building Using Photogrammetry, Based on Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration Patterns -- ICOMOS
Maryam Shirvani, Sara Zareiyan Jahromi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
The heritage remaining from the short era of Zandiyeh in Shiraz are very diverse and decorated with various decorations. The use of stone can be seen in different parts of these buildings, such that it is used in the external and internal plinths of the building, columns, paving yard and ponds. The plinth walls are sometimes decorated with paintings and sometimes with sculptures, and one of the unique plinths is the battle of Rostam and Ashkboos in the courtyard of Divan Khaneh complex. The purpose of this paper is the scientific pathology of the changes and destructions created in the carvings of Divan Khaneh building. The main question raised is how short-range photogrammetry technology can help accurately document damage to historical relief monuments. The research method is applied and experimental. which has been evaluated using survey and field research. The obtained results state that the use of photogrammetric method is a safe method that is very effective in damage imaging and can show the amount of changes made in the main structure of the stone. In this method, the amount of decay and various destructions of the sculptural effect was evaluated and analyzed, which includes separation, cracks and fissures, material loss, erosion, discoloration, and sedimentation.

Monitoring-Oriented Documentation of Salt Man No. 1 at the National Museum of Iran Using a Combination of Focus Stacking and Panorama Techniques
Mohammad Reza Alikhah, Anisa Shiri , Shahrazad Amin Shirazi , Mohammad Hossein Boroumand,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Restoration of historical monuments relies heavily on comprehensive documentation conducted both before and after conservation and restoration processes. This study focused on documenting the cleaning process of Iran's Salt Men through the integration of various photographic techniques and specialized focus stacking software. Specifically, it examined the documentation of Salt Man, No. 1, housed in the National Museum of Iran by utilizing a combination of focus stacking and panorama techniques. The project aimed to produce high-resolution images from 5 different angles, capturing the complete depth of field before and after cleaning. The largest image generated in this project boasted a pixel density of 649.4 megapixels, showcasing the frontal view of the artifact. Several challenges arose during the project. The presence of hair on the head and face of Salt Man, No. 1, posed difficulties in photo alignment. Additionally, documenting the gold earrings using macrography presented another set of challenges. It is important to note that the documentation, conservation, and restoration of the artifact were carried out simultaneously. Consequently, close coordination with other members of the conservation and restoration team was crucial and meticulous recording of lighting angles, camera settings, and photometry were prioritized. Detailed documentation was carefully recorded both before and after the cleaning process, taking special care to note the conditions during photography and ensuring accurate color, light, and texture matching. This comprehensive approach established a robust foundation for artifact's future scientific monitoring.

Reproduction of the Inscriptions of the Portal of the Hasan Pādshāh Complex in Tabriz
Alireza Amiri Baghbadorani , Leyli Nemani Khiyavi, Mehdi Razani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Reliefs and Inscriptions are among the most important historical documents, serving as carriers of diverse narratives, such as wars, victories, conquests, notable events, or memorials. These artifacts provide a direct and transparent expression of a certain historical moment. Over time, understanding the durability of stone, humans have recorded events on this precious material using various techniques. This practice began with primitive depictions on natural rocks; and evolved into elaborate carvings designed to document contemporary events. Early inscriptions, often executed on natural rocks, using scripts such as cuneiform; gradually along with development of skills and tools, they developed into detailed and artistic engravings, taking the form of decorative inscriptions or reliefs. This article presents a new transcription of the stone on the portal of the Hasan Pādshāh Mosque and School Complex, located in the central district of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, in Sahib-al-Amar Square, within the UNESCO-listed Tabriz Covered Bazaar. The inscription, carved into a stone surface dating back to the late 8th century A.H., features Thuluth script and has suffered damage due to various factors over time. The most important questions of the research are: What is the content of the inscription on the portal of Hasan Padshah Complex, and what information does it convey? What changes have occurred to the inscription over time? How can the transcription of the inscription be conducted to retrieve the maximum amount of information?  To address these questions, historical and archeological studies, were complemented by fieldwork, and advanced documentation methods, including photogrammetry and digital design of the inscription text. Following these steps, a re-reading of the inscription text, along with an analysis of the changes it has undergone over time, was achieved.

The use of short-range photogrammetry in the damage analysis of the wooden roof of Kazeronian historical house in Shiraz
Maryam Shirvani, Sara Zareiyan Jahromi ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Documenting is an important and significant part in the field of conservation and restoration of historical monuments. The information obtained in this process can play a significant role in how to deal with emergency protection methods. In the past, most of the documenting process was done manually, which could be accompanied by various errors. With the arrival of new technologies, various methods were investigated and evaluated in this case. Historical buildings built in Iran have various characteristics and different arrays are used in the decoration of these buildings. One of the best examples of these decorations is the wooden ceilings, which were used in historical buildings, especially during the Qajar period in Shiraz, and suffered various damages. The purpose of this research is to make a detailed pathological study of the changes applied to the wooden ceilings known as Marjoek in the Kazeronian house in Shiraz, which are decorated with paintings. The main question raised is what the best way of is documenting the damage of this category of works and whether short-range photogrammetry can be effective in this field. The research method is applied and experimental. Which has been evaluated using survey and field research. The results obtained state that the use of photogrammetry is a safe method that is very effective in damage imaging and can show the amount of changes made in the main structure of wood. In this method, the degree of bending and change of the wooden beams of the roof of Kazeronian house was evaluated and analyzed, and then the best method for strengthening and restoring the effect to its original state was selected and used.

Investigation and Analysis of the Technical Methodologies Employed in Creating Stone Reliefs at the Persepolis World Heritage Site Through 3D Modeling and Image Processing
Mohammad Reza Rokni, Hamid Fadaei , Marjan Keyfargir ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Persepolis, as one of Iran's most prominent archaeological sites, symbolizes the grandeur of the Achaemenid Empire's culture and art. The stone carving art and architectural ornaments of this era, drawing from the experiences and knowledge of various cultures, created a novel and artistic style that is evident in the stone reliefs of Persepolis. Due to the delicacy and precision of these reliefs, they have attracted the attention of many researchers, raising questions about their artistic values and execution methods. This study aims to analyze the execution techniques of Persepolis' reliefs by documenting examples of these reliefs on the eastern staircase of Apadana Palace and the northern staircase of the Treasury Palace. To document and create 3D models of the reliefs, advanced photogrammetry methods, with a particular emphasis on photo-scanning technology, were employed. Images were processed using specialized software such as Agisoft, 3D Zephyr, and Reality Capture. The results of this study reveal a part of the creation process of these artworks that has been less explored until now. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the photogrammetry-based documentation method in extracting precise technical and artistic data is confirmed. This method not only enables a more detailed analysis of the reliefs' intricacies and geometric proportions but also contributes to a deeper understanding of their artistic values and their place in the history of art. This approach can serve as a valuable model for future research in the field of documenting and extracting technical and artistic data from historical stone reliefs.

 
Documentary Experiences of Rural Settlements in the Cultural Landscape of Hawraman
Pouya Talebnia, Elham Ghaderyan ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The documentation of rural settlements, a crucial element in effective planning and management, requires a systematic and goal-oriented approach. This process involves the integration of various scientific disciplines and methodologies, applied meticulously at each stage. The present research aims to share the experiences of documenting rural settlements within the unique cultural landscape of Hawraman. The documentation process encompasses 3D mapping through photogrammetry, the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the development of a detailed building inventory database. Additionally, comprehensive surveys are conducted to analyze structural elements such as pathways, plans of key buildings, architectural details, and openings. This study not only introduces modern and practical documentation techniques tailored to the cultural landscape of Hawraman but also evaluates the strengths and specific capabilities of each stage within a step-by-step, integrated methodology. Collecting precise quantitative and qualitative data throughout the process is paramount, particularly given the unique and challenging conditions of terraced rural settlements. The methods employed aim to minimize systematic errors and ensure high accuracy. The documentation efforts are part of a broader initiative to support the inclusion of the Hawraman cultural landscape on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Data gathered from 20 rural settlements in the region have been consolidated into a comprehensive documentation framework, which serves as a valuable resource for future scientific research, conservation, monitoring, promotion, and sustainable development initiatives. The findings and methodologies presented in this research offer a replicable model for documenting other historical rural and urban settlements, providing practical guidelines for heritage conservation and management.

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