Studying and examining Quranic works is of great importance due to their respect and sanctity among Muslims, so that the historical, cultural and religious value of such works doubles the importance of their protection and preservation. The work examined in this study is a Quran scroll sample belonging to the Haj Rahim Mosque in Tabriz. According to field research and statements by the board of trustees of the mosque, this scroll was placed inside the mosque wall at an unknown time as a vow or talisman and was discovered in 1350 AH during the reconstruction of the mosque through the thatched wall. During this study, the paper making technique and ink used in the work were studied. In line with this goal, the type of paper fibers and paper pulp and the inks used in the work, including black, red and gold pigment, and finally the glue used to join the sheets together were examined. All the identifications made in this research were done using chemical methods except for the identification of the type of glue used at the beginning and end of the sheets, which was done using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy device. The results indicate the use of linen and rag fibers and polysaccharide starch to prepare the paper and carbon black ink, rosin pigment for the red ink, and copper oxide compounds for the gold color. Also, the glue used at the beginning and end of the sheets was identified as -Serish- animal glue.
The conservation and restoration of artifacts, including textiles, depends on understanding the characteristics and properties of the artifact. By increasing information about the artifact, decisions can be made with greater confidence and certainty about how to handle and preserve the artifacts. Fibers, as the main constituent of textiles, are an important part of the study of historical textiles, and answering the questions raised in the field of fiber technology and pathology can pave the way for the next steps in the conservation of a historical textile. The more and more accurate the information obtained in this field, the more accurate and reliable the conservation measures will be. In the study of fibers, a large part of the information is obtained using various laboratory methods and instrumental analysis and examining the surface and structure of the artifact. The diversity and multiplicity of these methods have made recognizing the advantages and limitations of each of these methods a key factor in study planning and experimental design. In this study, a woven flag belonging to the Onchi Meydan neighborhood in Ardabil city was subjected to laboratory studies. Despite the large number and diversity of samples, the identification of the fibers of this flag was carried out using flame and microscopic examination methods.
