Danesh
Hefazat va Maremat
Search published articles
Showing 6 results for Consolidation
Morteza Heidari, Ali Asghar Fahimifar, Mohammadzaman Kasaei,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
In this study, cheap nanoparticles with the highest hybrid similarity were introduced to increase the surface resistance of ancient Pasargadae (Cyrus Tomb) rocks. As result, the kind of mineral of thin section of sample was detected as calcite and grainstone texture. The physical features of the sample indicated a high porosity. In order to achieve a high compatibility of the intended Nano materials, some powder of the sample was used as pre-material through Mechanical Grinder. After preparation of the powder, Nano material was prepared due to sol-gel method. Calcium Titanate blurs with the phase of Perovskite and Titanium dioxide with the phase of Anatase have been detected as XRD. These compounds were confirmed by FT-IR. The size of spherical and oval blurs prepared in the scale of Nano was confirmed by SEM. The existence of common elements such as Calcium, Titanium, Oxygen and Carbon was detected as EDX spectrometer. In this experience, Ethanol was used as solvent. In 4 hours, the gained Colloidal dissolved was added on the surface of the stone by the capillary specific. So as to module the resistance of the sample, the coated surface was examined under the abrasion test. Along with these experiments, all the levels for pre-material lime were done. The results show a relative improvement in the surface resistance of the sample rock. Meanwhile, there wasn’t any remarkable change in the case of the color of the sample.
Mehdi Razani, Leyli Nemani Khiyavi ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
Historical structures, often constructed using porous materials such as stone, brick, and mortar, have been exposed to environmental and anthropogenic stressors over centuries, leading to their gradual deterioration. Consolidation, a critical intervention in the conservation of porous historical materials, aims to enhance their mechanical stability, mitigate further degradation, and prolong their lifespan. This process becomes essential when the structural integrity of an artifact is compromised due to factors such as weathering, salt crystallization, and biological growth. However, the effectiveness of consolidation treatments is highly dependent on the selection of appropriate consolidants, which must meet specific criteria, including deep and uniform penetration, minimal surface residue, chemical compatibility, reversibility, and the preservation of the material’s breathability. Despite its importance, the field faces significant challenges, including a lack of standardized protocols and comprehensive understanding of the long-term performance of consolidants. This research seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical principles and practical applications by evaluating the performance of various consolidants on-site and optimizing intervention strategies for porous historical materials. The findings aim to contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable conservation practices for cultural heritage.
Amir Ershad Langroudi, Hamid Fadaei, Kamran Ahmadi, Monir Beheshti Far,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
The reinforcement and hydrophobicity enhancement of historical construction materials, particularly the surfaces of historical stones, are among the most sensitive and challenging interventions in cultural heritage conservation. These interventions require precise analysis and comprehensive research to minimize potential side effects. Such actions are especially essential when stone artifacts exposed to open environments suffer from severe degradation and erosion or exhibit significant surface changes, potentially leading to loss of aesthetic and structural integrity. Without timely intervention, erosive factors may penetrate deeper layers of the artifact, posing a risk of complete collapse. In this study, the performance of three industrial silane/siloxane-based coatings Wacker 290, Wacker 3003, and Long Life was evaluated in the coating process of stone materials. The physical, mechanical, and especially hydrophobic properties of these materials on stone surfaces were analyzed and compared. Results indicated that all three materials exhibited moisture-repellent properties. However, Long Life and Wacker 290 demonstrated superior performance due to their better bonding with stone surfaces. These findings provide effective guidance for selecting suitable materials in conservation projects of historical artifacts, preventing the premature deterioration of these invaluable heritages.
Hamed Yaqbzadeh, Yaser Hamzavi,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
Many projects in the field of Protection, conservation and finally restoration of historical monuments are carried out in the country every year, However, there is unfortunately no suitable platform for sharing the practical experiences in this field within the country, which could significantly enhance the quality of these protection and restoration efforts nationwide. Emergency reinforcement of architectural ornaments is often necessary during the restoration of historical buildings. For this purpose, the restorer of architectural ornaments must create safe conditions to preserve the existing ornaments during the restoration of the building. Eram House in Yazd is one of the Qajar-era buildings in Yazd city that is currently about to be restored and repurposed. This
building, in the Central Room, features plasterwork, mirror and glass ornaments, as well as wall paintings with plant motifs and inscriptions. Due to the damage in the various layers of the architectural ornaments restorers faced challenges in reinforcing the structure and restoring the deteriorated parts of the building. Structural restoration measures posed a risk of destroying these ornaments; since the cracks indicating structural movement had caused the ornaments to detach and loosen from their underlying layers, which include: support (brick), scratch coat (straw), and top-layer (fine coat), all of which require reinforcement. The entire surface of walls, except for the ceiling wall in the Eram House, has an additional layer of gypsum plaster coating, which has obscured parts of the gypsum stucco ornaments and murals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the hidden ornaments in different parts by conducting soundings in the walls of the Central Room of Eram House.
building, in the Central Room, features plasterwork, mirror and glass ornaments, as well as wall paintings with plant motifs and inscriptions. Due to the damage in the various layers of the architectural ornaments restorers faced challenges in reinforcing the structure and restoring the deteriorated parts of the building. Structural restoration measures posed a risk of destroying these ornaments; since the cracks indicating structural movement had caused the ornaments to detach and loosen from their underlying layers, which include: support (brick), scratch coat (straw), and top-layer (fine coat), all of which require reinforcement. The entire surface of walls, except for the ceiling wall in the Eram House, has an additional layer of gypsum plaster coating, which has obscured parts of the gypsum stucco ornaments and murals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the hidden ornaments in different parts by conducting soundings in the walls of the Central Room of Eram House.
In some places, the walls need careful reinforcement by the building restorers. However, the presence of murals in these areas, limits the possibility of any reinforcement measures. Thus, the murals at these points should be separated carefully from the walls and preserved. After completing structural reinforcement, the murals should be reinstalled in their original locations. The main goal of this project was to stabilize the existing arrays in the king's room and also to create suitable conditions for any structural restoration interventions in the building. Therefore, in line with the projectives objectives as the conditions of placement and considering the placement conditions of works and materials, as well as the type and extent of damage in different parts of the room, an emergency strengthening method was selected. Restoration materials were prepared according to each method, as presented in Table 1. This article is not a result of comprehensive research. but rather an account of an emergency
intervention experience. The intervention focused on a strengthening approach, to achieve the needed stability, allowing building restorers to carry out structural reinforcement and restoration without concern. In this context, understanding the remaining of architectural arrays is crucial, Subsequently, key the questions were addressed to guide the restorers: what is the type and extent of the damage? Which damages require strengthening at this stage? to what extent should this operation progress? What method should be adopted for each architectural array with various damages? Ultimately, emergency strengthening was carried out on the ceiling and walls of the palace, encompassing plaster arrays, mirror and glass arrays, as well as murals. In several parts of the murals, due to the sever condition of the underlying layers (cause by Saudi humidity), it was decided to separate the mural pieces. This article provides a detailed, description of the practical emergency reinforcement measures undertaken on the architectural arrays of Eram House in Yazd.
intervention experience. The intervention focused on a strengthening approach, to achieve the needed stability, allowing building restorers to carry out structural reinforcement and restoration without concern. In this context, understanding the remaining of architectural arrays is crucial, Subsequently, key the questions were addressed to guide the restorers: what is the type and extent of the damage? Which damages require strengthening at this stage? to what extent should this operation progress? What method should be adopted for each architectural array with various damages? Ultimately, emergency strengthening was carried out on the ceiling and walls of the palace, encompassing plaster arrays, mirror and glass arrays, as well as murals. In several parts of the murals, due to the sever condition of the underlying layers (cause by Saudi humidity), it was decided to separate the mural pieces. This article provides a detailed, description of the practical emergency reinforcement measures undertaken on the architectural arrays of Eram House in Yazd.
Azam Soheilipour, Mehrnaz Azadi Boyaghchi ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this innovation is to evaluate the nanoparticles of Katira (Tragacanth gum), to optimize for reinforcing agent to restore mechanical strength and stability of historical paper documents. The method and approach of the research is practical study and it is an analytic-comparative method involving gathering information through the relevant tests to the research topic, such as pH tests, mechanical strength, SEM analysis, zeta potential analysis to check the depth of penetration and high stability. Katira nanoparticles with different weight percentages were extracted and calcium hydroxide was added for increasing its pH and glycerol was added for increasing flexibility. The treatment was sprayed on the paper samples and then it was done for humidity-temperature aging according to ISIRI-4706 standard number for 12 days and light aging according to ASTM D-3e02-6819 standard number for 6 days. The results obtained from the pH analysis, the pH of the treated samples before and after aging increased compared to the blank sample about 40%. SEM analysis showed the physical synthesis of the broken fibers. Mechanical strength Analysis in the newspaper samples, before and after aging, showed an increase in strength of 3 to 15% depending on the amount of gum that was used. The result of colorimetric analysis showed no change in the color and opacity of the reinforcing material. In the zeta potential analysis, the size of the material was found to be 4.5 to 5 nm, which shows high penetration depth and stability in its resistance.
Leyli Nemani Khiyavi, Hossein Ahmadi , Seyyed Mohammad Amin Emami,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2026)
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2026)
Abstract
The conservation of historic bricks is considered one of the fundamental components in safeguarding architectural heritage, as brick, one of the predominant materials in Iran’s historic architecture is exposed to a wide range of complex weathering and deterioration processes. Consolidation, as one of the most important conservation interventions, is employed to enhance structural cohesion, reduce vulnerability, stabilize decay, and improve the durability of porous materials (Doehne & Price, 2011). Nevertheless, although consolidation can mitigate the effects of deterioration, it does not necessarily eliminate the root causes of decay, and when improperly applied, it may result in undesirable secondary and long-term consequences (Daniels, 2015; Kumar Ginell, 1997).
| Page 1 from 1 |