Hamid Fadaei, Azita Mirzaye,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2017)
Abstract
This study investigates and evaluates emergency conservation methods at the Chogha Zanbil archaeological site, focusing on the conservation of excavated features including shafts, shallow grids, and architectural remains. The primary objective of these interventions was to Conservation of Excavated Remains against environmental factors such as moisture, erosion, and gradual decay, either temporarily or over extended periods. The research methodology involved field observations, assessment of available materials, and reference to previous conservation practices at the site. The use of crushed gravel and sand with a variable grain size between 2 and 20 millimeters was recommended for backfilling trenches and shafts. Care was taken to avoid impurities such as gypsum, anhydrite, and various sulfates, which could contribute to the formation of soluble salts and damage the archaeological features. The protective coverage of shafts, networks, and the exposed brick platform was implemented in a phased manner, based on their depth and archaeological significance. For deeper shafts, stratified layers of gravel and soft soil with appropriate compaction were employed, while shallow grids were covered with a thin layer of gravel followed by backfilling with excavated soil. Special attention was given to the conservation of the inscribed brick platform, which was protected using a base layer of fine sand. The findings indicate that the use of natural materials combined with scientifically informed and experience-based approaches can be effective in the temporary or long-term conservation of excavated features in archaeological sites.
Dr. Hamid Fadaei, Dr. َazita Mirzaye, Mr. Kazem Borhani-Ahang,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Abstract
The stucco decorations of Yazdegerd Castle, located in Kermanshah Province, hold a significant place in the study of Parthian-period Iran. Nearly three decades after the initial excavations of the site by Edward J. Keall, further excavations carried out in 2008 by the late Dr Masoud Azarnoush led to the discovery of new stucco fragments. In light of the conservation challenges associated with these decorations, attention was drawn to the need for their in situ preservation. Many of the fragments recovered from debris and soil had suffered from erosion, delamination, or salt encrustation due to soluble salts present in the soil, rendering the detailed study of the motifs difficult or impossible. Moreover, some of the stucco elements still in situ on the walls were severely affected by erosion. This study employs both archival research and fieldwork to collect and assess information related to the site and its stucco decorations. Key conservation activities included the removal of surface deposits using physical and chemical methods, reassembly and consolidation of fragments, and the organisation of appropriate storage conditions for the finds. The research indicates that techniques such as one-piece or multi-part moulding, direct carving or chiselling, followed by manual finishing and, in some cases, polychrome painting, were employed in the production of the stucco decorations. The findings also highlight the necessity for specialised measures and ongoing interventions to ensure the preservation of stucco in open-air archaeological contexts. Given the large number of stucco fragments uncovered at Yazdegerd Castle, the design and implementation of a comprehensive and long-term conservation plan is essential for safeguarding this valuable heritage. In this regard, several recommendations are offered to improve current conditions and enhance the quality of future conservation efforts at the site.
