This study investigates and evaluates emergency conservation methods at the Chogha Zanbil archaeological site, focusing on the conservation of excavated features including shafts, shallow grids, and architectural remains. The primary objective of these interventions was to Conservation of Excavated Remains against environmental factors such as moisture, erosion, and gradual decay, either temporarily or over extended periods. The research methodology involved field observations, assessment of available materials, and reference to previous conservation practices at the site. The use of crushed gravel and sand with a variable grain size between 2 and 20 millimeters was recommended for backfilling trenches and shafts. Care was taken to avoid impurities such as gypsum, anhydrite, and various sulfates, which could contribute to the formation of soluble salts and damage the archaeological features. The protective coverage of shafts, networks, and the exposed brick platform was implemented in a phased manner, based on their depth and archaeological significance. For deeper shafts, stratified layers of gravel and soft soil with appropriate compaction were employed, while shallow grids were covered with a thin layer of gravel followed by backfilling with excavated soil. Special attention was given to the conservation of the inscribed brick platform, which was protected using a base layer of fine sand. The findings indicate that the use of natural materials combined with scientifically informed and experience-based approaches can be effective in the temporary or long-term conservation of excavated features in archaeological sites.
The Southern Mound of Konar Sandal, situated in the Halil River basin, is one of the most significant prehistoric sites in the Jiroft plain. Among the notable discoveries at this site is a life-sized clay relief positioned within a recessed, doorway-like feature in a large room. This relief, recognized as the oldest known example of a monumental clay relief integrated with architecture in the Middle East, dates back to the third millennium BCE. Since its discovery in 2006, its conservation has posed significant challenges for experts. The history of illegal excavations in the region and the lack of adequate infrastructure for permanent protection and maintenance of the site have exacerbated these challenges, leading to occasional proposals to transfer the artifact to a museum. The primary research question focuses on identifying an appropriate approach for the on-site conservation of the clay relief. Using both library-based research and fieldwork, this study gathered information related to the site and the relief, documented environmental factors contributing to its deterioration, and analyzed the data. The findings indicate that the current protective cover is inadequate. Environmental conditions, particularly moisture rising from the soil containing soluble salts, significantly accelerate the relief's erosion and the deterioration of its surface paint layers. Based on these findings, the study provides recommendations for optimizing the conservation of the relief.
