Historical and cultural relics made of paper are among the most important artifacts of any culture and civilization and are valuable from a historical, artistic, scientific, economic, technical, and religious perspective. All paper materials change over time, so that this process cannot be completely stopped, but the speed of change can be controlled with conservation and restoration operations. The manuscript studied in this research is a manuscript document belonging to the year 1287 AH, and the Qajar period. The purpose of this research is to examine the used materials, pathology and finally to present a restoration plan for this manuscript. In this regard, after examining library resources, the fibers, glue, and materials used in the document were identified using laboratory studies, the type of ink used, and other tests for this document. Tests showed that the fibers of the document are wood and the sample contains a small amount of lignin, and the presence of starch and sugars was confirmed in the paste test. The acidity of the paper is 45.5 and the ink used in the document is of the metal-mazonite type and is sensitive to water. After completing the restoration stages of the document, the document was delivered to its owner.
Given the significance of historical artifacts, the approach and provision of strategies for extending their lifespan are of paramount importance. To undertake a correct and appropriate intervention, commensurate with the condition of the artifact, a comprehensive understanding of the damaged object's state, as well as thorough knowledge of executable conservation and restoration methods, are essential. In this regard, with the aim of introducing executable conservation and restoration methods, a rectangular-shaped Termeh textile sample—measuring 75 cm (minimum) by 79 cm (maximum), featuring a dark blue (sormeh) background with a repeating boteh (paisley) motif and framing—was studied, conserved, and restored. This project, titled "Executive Methods for the Conservation and Restoration of a Termeh Textile Attributed to the Late Qajar or Early Pahlavi Era," involved a piece from a private collection. The research methodology employed was both library and field research. Ultimately, based on the damages identified on the artifact, two methods—stitching and adhesive treatment—were utilized for its conservation and restoration.
The purpose of this innovation is to evaluate the nanoparticles of Katira (Tragacanth gum), to optimize for reinforcing agent to restore mechanical strength and stability of historical paper documents.The method and approach of the research is practical study and it is an analytic-comparative method involving gathering information through the relevant tests to the research topic, such as pH tests, mechanical strength, SEM analysis, zeta potential analysis to check the depth of penetration and high stability.Katira nanoparticles with different weight percentages were extracted and calcium hydroxide was added for increasing its pH and glycerol was added for increasing flexibility.The treatment was sprayed on the paper samples and then it was done for humidity-temperature aging according to ISIRI-4706 standard number for 12 days and light aging according to ASTM D-3e02-6819 standard number for 6 days.The results obtained from the pH analysis, the pH of the treated samples before and after aging increased compared to the blank sample about 40%. SEM analysis showed the physical synthesis of the broken fibers. Mechanical strength Analysis in the newspaper samples, before and after aging, showed an increase in strength of 3 to 15% depending on the amount of gum that was used.The result of colorimetric analysis showed no change in the color and opacity of the reinforcing material.In the zeta potential analysis, the size of the material was found to be 4.5 to 5 nm, which shows high penetration depth and stability in its resistance.
