Showing 8 results for Ahmadi
Tahereh Shishehbori, Hossein Ahmadi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Special Issue 1.1 2018)
Abstract
Among the artistic and historical works of the Islamic era, architectural inscriptions hold a special place due to their connection with architectural spaces, and they have consistently garnered the attention of specialists and experts. These valuable works, created using various materials, are inevitably subject to damage over time. The protection and restoration of inscriptions have long been a significant concern within the conservation community. Despite numerous conferences, congresses, and the development of various principles and theories in the field of restoration, comprehensive guidelines for this valuable category of written works remain elusive. This gap has led to confusion and the application of inconsistent methods in addressing these works. In this research, the focus is on the restorations carried out on the inscriptions of several buildings in the historic city of Yazd. Specifically, the study examines how the principles of restoration and their theoretical foundations have been applied in the conservation of these inscriptions. Given the prominence of calligraphy and handwriting in these works, the existing principles can serve as a valuable framework for their restoration. The findings of this research indicate that the absence of clear criteria and comprehensive principles for the restoration of such works has caused confusion within the conservation community. As a result, some restorations have been carried out based on subjective preferences or, at times, incorrect methods. This study employs an analytical research method, drawing on library sources and field studies to investigate the topic.
Arman Razm, Hossein Ahmadi, Abbas Abed Esfahani ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Spesial Issue 1.2 2017)
Abstract
Many artifacts found in the places where ancient communities lived in Jurjan indicate the antiquity of life in this region. Much evidence of Jurjan's importance in historical periods, including the Achaemenid, Sassanid, and Seleucid periods, can be found in inscriptions from that period. During the Seljuk period, Jurjan was the cradle of science, literature, art, and industry in northern Iran, and was one of the country's important centers for glassmaking, pottery, and metalworking, and the use of glazes on pottery. The use of black patterns and turquoise glazes is abundant in pottery objects excavated in Jurjan. In this study, three samples of pottery with this type of glaze in the Jurjan region were examined in terms of technology, and the manufacturing method and materials used in them were studied. In this regard, the glazes were identified using digital microscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. According to microscopic images of the cross-sections of the samples, the glazing method is underglaze and three layers are visible to create the glaze. First, a milky layer called engobe is created on the surface of the pottery, then black patterns are applied on it, and finally a layer of transparent turquoise glaze covers the entire surface.
Leila Zarei, Mohsen Mohammadi Achacheloui, Maryam Ahmadi,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Spesial Issue 1.2 2017)
Abstract
Studying and examining Quranic works is of great importance due to their respect and sanctity among Muslims, so that the historical, cultural and religious value of such works doubles the importance of their protection and preservation. The work examined in this study is a Quran scroll sample belonging to the Haj Rahim Mosque in Tabriz. According to field research and statements by the board of trustees of the mosque, this scroll was placed inside the mosque wall at an unknown time as a vow or talisman and was discovered in 1350 AH during the reconstruction of the mosque through the thatched wall. During this study, the paper making technique and ink used in the work were studied. In line with this goal, the type of paper fibers and paper pulp and the inks used in the work, including black, red and gold pigment, and finally the glue used to join the sheets together were examined. All the identifications made in this research were done using chemical methods except for the identification of the type of glue used at the beginning and end of the sheets, which was done using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy device. The results indicate the use of linen and rag fibers and polysaccharide starch to prepare the paper and carbon black ink, rosin pigment for the red ink, and copper oxide compounds for the gold color. Also, the glue used at the beginning and end of the sheets was identified as -Serish- animal glue.
Atefeh Shekofteh, Hossein Ahmadi, Mehdi Yazdi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (ویژه نامه 2019)
Abstract
The number of historical open-air sites built of stone are relatively limited in comparison to the other historical artificial in Iran, but these sites include great significance in terms of value, historic and their knowledge of past. Since these stone poen-air sites are generally about two thousand years old, they have been exposed to decay factors for a long time. Many information and data on the types of decay factores and their patterns are scattered in the articles and books generally available in English which their access to experts in the field of conservation and restoration is limited. In this study, we attempted, through purposeful data from research on the open-air sites and monuments, to effectively address all aspects of the deterioration of carbonate sedimentary stones which constitute the majority of Iran’s sites. In this way, using library references, environmental factors and common decay patterns in similar climate and industrial conditions are discussed. It has become clear from studies that, contrary to the impression, “environmental factors” are not only the factors in the deterioration of sedimentary stones, but also the physical and chemical properties of the stone (Intrinsic problems) are also very important in the term of decay. Among the chemical and physical decay factors, chemical factors in deterioration are more important because the lead to the dissolution or alteration of the nature of the stone.
Yaser Hamzavi, Hosein Ahmadi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Murals are the main, media of human culture and civilization and the place and its long history in Iranian art is clear. There are specific forms of mural paintings in some Iranian architecture that are different from other usual wall paintings in materials, methods as well as implementation techniques. Unfortunately, these mural paintings are not studied certainly until now. Therefore, further investigation is needed due to the importance of this issue. Regarding to importance of necessity of art understanding before conservation, it is obvious that common conservation procedures on these relics (without appropriate understanding) have an inappropriate results on authenticity and integrity of the relics. Unfortunately, there is not adequate research about technology and conservation of these relics and related fields. Historical points, manufacturing and used materials, effects of technological problems, as introduction to conservation plan were main questions. The aim of this research is the identification of history of development, and used materials and techniques in these historic paintings by field and literature investigations. Technological understanding of this kind of murals during the time by application of literature review and data explanation. Due to low information in Persian, European Marouflaged Mural has been studied more than Iranian relics. The research subject and case studies are studied in a qualitative and descriptive research method and the subject is considered with ten historical and theoretical aspects. These paintings are executed on the layer of cloth (canvas) and then installed on the wall that is known as a part of the architecture arrays. This research at the first library study is conducted and then according to the results, the field studies are carried out and finally, the data are analyzed. Knowing the number of Marouflage according to literature review, the identification of constituent layers of Marouflage according to field studies, and Understanding the differences between a common wall Paintings and Marouflaged Mural in Iran, are the results of this paper. In this paper, the process of formation of this type of wall painting in Iran was studied and present examples of this method in Iranian architecture are introduced and explained. Some of the architectural interior surfaces are decorated by the textile painting by Marouflaged in Ilkhanid, Safavid and Quajar period; funerary monuments with polygonal plan have the most decorative surfaces such as Soltanieh Dome, Sheykh Safi mausoleum, Maryam church, Golestan palace and etc. According to studies, there was technical change in manufacturing process of large wall paintings and ceiling paintings at Renaissance period. It resulted to production of new kind of murals which known as Marouflaged Mural. The research obtained appropriate results about production, manufacturing, historical samples and effect of technological problems on conservation of Marouflaged Mural.
Mohsen Mohammadi Achachluei, Hossein Ahmadi, Kambiz Pourtahmasbi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Wood is an organic material which has been used for manufacturing of different historic relics. There are many historic wooden relics in open air spaces under effect of environmental factors. Weathering and its photochemical decay is one of the most important degradation factors of these relics in dry and semi dry climates. Therefore, it is necessary to study different procedures for conservation of these relics. Nano Zinc Oxide characteristics were studied as a conservation treatment for wood against photochemical weathering. Samples were prepared from White Poplar (Populus alba L.) as a widely used wood in historic relics of Iran. Specimens were treated with Nano Zinc Oxide suspension in isopropanol by surface treatment. Specimens were artificially weathered regarding to ASTM 2565-99 in 300, 800 and 2000 hours as three time levels. Samples were analyzed by evaluation of mass loss, pH measurement, Colorimeter, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Results showed that the treatment does not prevent aesthetical change of wood appearance in weathering process although the alteration was not severe. The treatment reduces weathering effects but does not prevent its structural degradation. During the time and under effect of weathering, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles will lose their function as ultraviolet absorbent due to chemical reactions with wood structures and first degradation products. Therefore, its efficiency won’t be enough in long term period.
Hassan Khosravi Khaftari, Hossein Ahmadi , Mohammad Hassan Talebian,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
The management planning for the conservation of historical sites is a very complicated matter due to the extent and complexity of the issues of a historical site. Various international charters such as the Bora Charter, the planning models of Marta Demas, Bernard Fielden, Michel Salvian, Michael Pearson and Yuka Yukhelto have provided guidelines in this regard. Additionally, there are standard and more general models for planning a collection; among them, strategic method and the SWOT analysis are notably important. In this research, the following basic questions are raised: What is the importance of planning the management of the conservation of historical sites and what is the appropriate way for formulating such plans? This research is considered a developmental and practical research in terms of its purpose. The method of solving the problem in the form of "hypothetical-deductive" is considered in conducting this research. The theoretical framework of the research is based on three different categories of information including: international charters, global experiences and standard planning models. In the following, information regarding the studied site (the ancient city- site of Istakhr) has been presented. Finally, using the analytical model (SWOT), the main policies for conservation planning of the site, such as determining zone and introducing them to the public and communication with the community has been introduced as the main needs of the site. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the management planning of historical sites as a management tool and a key expertise in the field of cultural heritage conservation.
Amir Ershad Langroudi, Hamid Fadaei, Kamran Ahmadi, Monir Beheshti Far,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (3-2021)
Abstract
The reinforcement and hydrophobicity enhancement of historical construction materials, particularly the surfaces of historical stones, are among the most sensitive and challenging interventions in cultural heritage conservation. These interventions require precise analysis and comprehensive research to minimize potential side effects. Such actions are especially essential when stone artifacts exposed to open environments suffer from severe degradation and erosion or exhibit significant surface changes, potentially leading to loss of aesthetic and structural integrity. Without timely intervention, erosive factors may penetrate deeper layers of the artifact, posing a risk of complete collapse. In this study, the performance of three industrial silane/siloxane-based coatings Wacker 290, Wacker 3003, and Long Life was evaluated in the coating process of stone materials. The physical, mechanical, and especially hydrophobic properties of these materials on stone surfaces were analyzed and compared. Results indicated that all three materials exhibited moisture-repellent properties. However, Long Life and Wacker 290 demonstrated superior performance due to their better bonding with stone surfaces. These findings provide effective guidance for selecting suitable materials in conservation projects of historical artifacts, preventing the premature deterioration of these invaluable heritages.
