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Showing 82 results for Restoration
Explaining Conservation Solutions Based on the Understanding, Typology, and Pathology of Muqarnas in Mosques (Case Study: Moshtaghieh Complex, Kerman)
Hossein Esmaeili Sangari, Mina Heydari Torkamani, Amirhossein Jafarpour,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Abstract
Muqarnas, a key element of Islamic architecture, holds both artistic and structural significance. The Moshtaghieh Historical Complex in Kerman, from the Qajar era, features remarkable examples in domes, entrances, and niches. Over time, these elements have deteriorated due to environmental factors, aging materials, seismic events, and improper restorations. This study aims to develop effective conservation strategies through detailed typological and pathological analysis. Documentation included high-resolution photography, measurements, and architectural drawings to classify muqarnas into types such as stalactite-shaped, modular, and layered forms based on their architectural context. Damage assessment revealed issues like discoloration, biological growth, salt efflorescence, cracks, material loss, and deformation.Conservation proposals follow international heritage standards of minimal intervention, reversibility, and authenticity. Strategies include environmental control, compatible mortar consolidation, structural stabilization, and traditional restoration techniques. A significant aspect of the study is the use of 3D digital reconstruction through photogrammetry, enabling damage visualization and restoration planning.This research offers a practical and replicable model for the conservation of Islamic ornamentation by integrating traditional craftsmanship with modern documentation technologies, supporting sustainable heritage preservation and future educational efforts.

Patina in ancient bronze objects: its origin, classification, role and importance in conservation and restoration
Dr Hamidreza Bakhshandehfard, Ms Masoom Tafreshi Fami Tafreshi, Dr Mohammadamin Emami,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Abstract
When dealing with historical bronze artifacts, we usually encounter a layer called patina on the surface of these artifacts. Understanding the nature, structure, and function of this layer is one of the fundamental issues in the field of conservation and restoration of historical metals In general, patina in metals is defined as a coating consisting of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, and chlorides, which forms as a result of the long-term interaction of the metal with environmental and corrosive factors. The question of what role patina plays in the conservation, historical interpretation, and restoration decisions of bronze objects has provided the main motivation for the present study to investigate and scientifically understand this phenomenon. In this article, while introducing the concept of patina and its types in historical bronzes, we examine the factors affecting the formation and evolution of this layer, including environmental conditions and alloy composition.
 

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