In this report we wanted to remind parts of principles and methods of conservation and restoration of pottery objects, and to present reconstruction process of two large pottery Jar (Khomreh) belong to Sassanian period during a written and illustrated report. also, we explained the difference created when choosing materials and methods. The jars were obtained from excavating Varamin Plain by Dr. Morteza Hesari in 2017. They were restored at the conservation pottery workshop of the Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism Research center for conservation and restoration of relics (RCCCR).

The "Illustrated Atlas of Pathology of Historical-Cultural Textiles" by Fatemeh Alimirzaei and Shahrzad Aminshirazi is specially designed for conservators,
restorers, students, museum curators, and collectors handling different categories of textiles. The book is divided into three chapters, addressing the pathology of historical textiles from three perspectives: physical-mechanical, chemical, and photochemical. However, the distinction of photochemical from chemical is rejected as unjustified since photochemical reactions are a subtype of chemical reactions induced by photons. A more suitable third type could be biological effects, which involve harm inflicted with the help of living organisms, including microbes, rodents, and insects.

This research investigates methods for conservation, restoration, and reinforcement of the Urartian inscription of Seqindel. It also aims to propose feasible recommendations for improving the preservation and stabilization conditions of the inscription and consequently, the historical site itself. The Seqindel inscription was discovered in 1951 CE near the village of Seqindel, beside a complex archaeological site. It stands as a significant artefact from the Urartian era in northwest Iran, dating back approximately 2750 years. Stone inscriptions are inherently vulnerable to environmental factors that can lead to deterioration. To address this concern, the research incorporates structural studies, pathology assessments, and analyses of the inscription's current condition. The results indicate that priority should be given to emergency stabilization and consolidation to prevent the collapse of the inscription, followed by practical measures for ongoing protection, and finally, preventive conservation. Considering the inscription's location approximately 2 kilometers from the village of Saqindel, the following key recommendations are proposed for its preservation and promotion: 1) Community participation in protection efforts, 2) Tourism enhancement and deterrence of unauthorized excavations, 3) Road construction for improved accessibility,4) Site access and signage development, 5) Natural stone staircase construction, 6) Design and insulation of informative signage, 7) Vegetation revitalization in the adjacent valley.

This study evaluates the curriculum of the Master’s program in Architectural and Urban Heritage Restoration in Iran, focusing on its effectiveness in preparing graduates for professional practice. The research investigates the extent to which the program aligns with contemporary labour market needs, technological advancements, and international standards in heritage conservation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines comparative analysis of curricula from leading universities with alumni surveys and semi-structured interviews, analysed through MaxQDA. Findings indicate a marked gap between academic training and professional demands, particularly in practical experience, digital technologies, legal literacy, and interdisciplinary competencies. Respondents stressed the importance of experiential learning, integration of sustainable and environmental approaches, and enhancement of both soft and hard skills. The study concludes with recommendations for comprehensive curriculum reform, including context-based learning, updated course structures, and the establishment of specialised tracks such as material-based conservation, structural interventions, theoretical perspectives, and heritage crisis management.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming the landscape of education, yet its potential in restoration education has remained largely unexplored.
This research investigates how various artificial intelligence tools intersect with the teaching and learning of restoration at the university level.
Drawing on three major learning theories—experiential, constructivist, and connectivist—the study analyzes research from recent years to determine where AI aligns with or departs from effective pedagogical practices. The findings show that AI-driven technologies can significantly
strengthen concrete experience, active learning, social interaction, and prior knowledge integration which are associated with experiential and
constructivist learning, and also lifelong learning, technological facilitation, networking and communication, cognitive skills, and digital collaboration in connectivist. However, certain aspects, particularly those requiring in-depth contextual and textual understanding specific to heritage sites, present ongoing challenges for AI tools. These results provide valuable insights for educators and researchers seeking to implement AI solutions in restoration-related courses.

This paper analyzes the evolution of the undergraduate curriculum in historic monuments restoration in Iran, from its initial approval in 1985
to its comprehensive revision in 2022. Adopting an analytical-comparative approach, the study first explores the theoretical, historical, and practical contexts of the discipline's emergence within Iran's higher education system. It then provides a structural and content-based critique
of the earlier curriculum. The findings reveal that the original curriculum, which emphasized religious principles, cultural heritage, and basic technical training, gradually became less effective due to scientific developments, shifting field requirements, and the rise of new technologies. The 2018 revision resulted from a collaborative effort by university scholars and restoration professionals aiming to modernize the program, enhance practical training, eliminate redundant courses, add applied content, and align the curriculum with international standards. Key features of the revised curriculum include a purposeful reduction in course units, content standardization, improved integration of theoretical and practical learning, and a focus on technological competencies. Furthermore, the paper addresses the implementation challenges and resource shortages of the previous curriculum and proposes strategies to enhance the quality and efficiency of restoration education. Overall, this study emphasizes the necessity of dynamic educational planning, underlines the critical role of restoration in preserving cultural identity and strengthening social capital, and provides a framework for future curriculum reforms in the field of conservation of cultural and historical artifacts.

Historic bridges represent complex structural systems that have endured centuries of environmental exposure, functional transformation, and human intervention. Due to their structural configuration and location within dynamic riverine contexts, they are particularly vulnerable to natural forces, material decay, and incompatible repairs. Conservation doctrine has consistently emphasized that intervention must be grounded in knowledge. Documents such as the Venice Charter, the Burra Charter, the Nara Document on Authenticity, and the ICOMOS Principles for the Analysis and Restoration of Architectural Heritage stress that understanding a monument’s historical development, material composition, and structural performance is essential before any action is taken. Building on this understanding, the present study develops and applies an integrated damage diagnosis approach to the historic Bridge-Dam of Izadkhast. Although Iranian historic bridges have been widely studied, previous research has often addressed historical interpretation, qualitative assessment, and structural modeling separately. In many instances, laboratory testing and structural calculations were treated as isolated technical exercises rather than as components of conservation decision making. This separation has occasionally led to reinforcement strategies that exceed actual structural needs and conflict with principles such as minimal intervention and respect for authenticity. The principal research gap therefore lies in the absence of a coherent methodological framework that integrates historical studies, qualitative damage assessment, laboratory material testing, and quantitative structural behavior analysis into a unified and conservation oriented decision making model. The Izadkhast Bridge-Dam was selected as the case study because of its historical and structural importance. Located along the Historic route from Isfahan to Shiraz via Izadkhast, it once played a strategic role in regional communication and maintained a functional relationship with the nearby caravanserai. Built across a seasonal river prone to flooding, the structure was originally designed to serve caravan traffic. In later periods, however, the passage of automobiles and heavier transport introduced load conditions that had not been anticipated in the original architectural conception. As a result, the bridge was subjected to stresses exceeding its intended structural capacity. Despite these pressures, it remained functional for centuries. Only in recent decades have climatic variability, renewed water flow after extended drought, inappropriate restoration efforts, and insufficient river management significantly increased its vulnerability. The methodology adopted in this research consisted of six interconnected stages: (1) historical analysis and investigation of the structural evolution of the monument; (2) direct observation and qualitative assessment of the current condition; (3) qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of mortars and qualitative assessment of materials; (4) structural analysis and evaluation of the overall structural behavior; (5) safety assessment through quantitative analyses and structural testing; and (6) final judgment and data integration. In this method, Laboratory investigations were conducted to determine the physical and chemical properties of mortars and bricks, and structural behavior under gravity, seismic forces, wind, and hydraulic actions was analyzed through finite element modeling using ANSYS software. The findings demonstrate that a comprehensive understanding of the monument requires the simultaneous interpretation of historical documentation, field evidence, material characteristics, and structural modeling results. Historical analysis revealed that major damage resulted from changes in function, excessive loading beyond traditional use patterns, destructive floods particularly the flood of 1956 CE. and alterations in river morphology caused by human intervention. Qualitative assessment identified inconsistencies in restoration management, incomplete conservation measures, deterioration of mortars, and neglect of riverbed maintenance as significant contributors to the bridge’s current condition. Material analyses indicated that lime mortars (cold sarooj) were intentionally employed in water exposed sections, while gypsum–lime mortars were used in arches and passageways, reflecting functional adaptation to environmental conditions. Although bricks quality was relatively low due to manufacturing and firing limitations, this characteristic forms part of the bridge’s original material system and does not in itself indicate structural weakness. Structural analyses showed that the bridge performs satisfactorily under gravitational and seismic loads. The vulnerable structural points was identified in relation to hydrodynamic flood forces and at the junction between the end piers and the natural riverbanks.
The integratetion of the obtained results indicate that most observed damages do not stem from inherent structural vulnerability, but rather from the disruption of the bridge’s historical equilibrium. Changes in functional loads, incompatible restoration materials, interruption of structural continuity, and hydromorphological alterations in the riverbed have collectively intensified deterioration. Numerical modeling confirmed that heavy structural reinforcement or radical alteration of the structural system is unnecessary. Instead, conservation efforts should focus on correcting inappropriate past restorations, locally reinforcing critical points, stabilizing and organizing the riverbed and establishing a continuous maintenance system. This study demonstrates that that quantitative structural analysis can meaningfully inform conservation decisions only when interpreted in direct connection with historical understanding and material characterization. Detached numerical assessments risk misdiagnosis and unnecessary intervention. Accordingly, the research advocates a shift from reactive, episodic restoration toward preventive and integrated management of historic bridges. Ultimately, this research proposes a transferable analytical framework for the conservation of historic bridges in Iran and comparable contexts. By integrating historical research, qualitative damage assessment, laboratory based material evaluation, structural stability assessment, and finite element analysis into a unified diagnostic process, the study provides a methodological model that supports minimal, authenticity compatible, and scientifically grounded conservation strategies, while preventing costly and irreversible interventions.