Showing 9 results for Rahimi
Fezeh Rahimi Kharvana,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Spesial Issue 1.2 2017)
Abstract
Paper works in Iran include various types, including documents, books, and Muraqqas. Variety and quantity Many of these documents have caused some of these works to be less noticed, investigated and studied. Among these cases are the Muraqqas of the National Quran Museum, which are among the most prominent works of this museum that have not yet been studied. Accordingly, this study examines the Muraqqas of the National Quran Museum. Based on this, in this study, the research of the National Museum of the Qur'an has been done. The number of these Muraqqas is 7 manuscripts.
In this study, it has been studied in an analytical way, its different parts, which include the decorations of the cover and pages. Due to the fact that various arts are used in making and decorating the muraqqas. On the one hand, one can see exquisite examples of the arts of emblazonment, vassali, sector, bordering, text and bordering in its structure, and on the other hand, in the markings, arts such as calligraphy, painting, Illumination and tasheer can be seen in muraqqas. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to analyze different parts of seven muraqqas in the National Museum of the Quran. In this research, the decorations of the muraqqas have been examined.
In this research project, after conducting documentary research, the designs and type of calligraphy were analyzed, and their text was reread to determine what the subject matter of the margins was and how the arts used in book layout were used in these Muraqqas.
Narges Doosti Sani, Mahshid Ilkhani, Shaiba Khadir, Afshin Ebrahimi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (ویژه نامه 2019)
Abstract
The study of metal works of Bam citadel (Arg-e-Bam) is underway to study the pathology of metalworks in Iran.The aim of this project is to study and investigate the corrosion mechanisms of metal objects. Various metallic works including iron, silver and copper alloys have been gained from the area of Arg-e-Bam. The research is focused on a number of bronze works of this historical site.The studies have been done using Microscopic and Macroscopic methods including metallography, wet chemistry, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). According to dendritic structure of these objects, the results show that most of them have been made in casting method and corrosion products are including Cuprite (Cu2O), Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2), Brochantite (Cu4(OH)6SO4), Cassiterite (SnO) and the chloride compounds like Atacamite (Cu2Cl(OH)3), Paratacamite (Cu2Cl(OH)3, Nantokite (CuCl) and Melanothallite (Cu2OCl2). The noticeable point is that there are inclusions containing iron and sulfur in all specimens that represent the using of sulfide ore in copper extraction process.
Fezeh Rahimi, ,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (ویژه نامه 2019)
Abstract
Many literatures have been published about decorative motif and the colors used in these motifs in manuscripts. These studies can be suitable sources for more information about such decorations; still more accurate studies are necessary in the field of identifying the applied pigments in order to have a better understanding of historical objects. The applications of gold in decorative motif of manuscripts is what this study has focused on, in some similar dated works. Many specialists have reported the golden color as gold in catalogs and property IDs and with regard to this point that using gold in historical works and objects of Islamic period was restricted, this question arises whether gold was restricted to be used in Quran manuscripts; Or if other materials were used instead. This research aims to study golden color used in Quran manuscripts of Qajar era in order to determine what material has been used in such valuable works.
Five samples of golden parts were taken from five gilded and inlayed manuscripts recorded in the List of National Works. These works are being kept in National Museum of Quran. To achieve our purpose we have used Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). We discovered that gold was used as pigment in golden decorations of our case studies.
Fereshteh Rahimi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The geochemical information of the old mines such as lead isotopic ratios has a crucial role in understanding the origin of minerals, especially the evaluation of metal sources. This study was conducted to obtain a pattern or map of the geochemical information of Iran's lead, zinc and silver reserves. The previous studies on the provenance of Sasanian silver vessels from Quri Qaleh cave, showed the lead isotopic ratio of these vessels conformed to Nakhlak mine, but since these examinations were not done on other old silver mines, it was not possible to make a definitive conclusion. Today, in the archaeometallurgical studies and the determination of the origin, multicollector- inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (MC-ICP-MS) is used. And since these studies are done on a global scale and the obtained information is recorded in the world wide database, it is necessary to use a similar method to carry out these experiments until the obtained information can be compared with each other. As the measurement of isotopes of elements has many applications in various sciences, especially in geological studies, the analysis of lead isotopes is used for dating of ores, provenance of metals and defining a geotectonic environment for ore deposits. Therefore, the results obtained from these studies on the desired mines could be used to calculate the isotopic ratios of lead for provenance and the source determination studies. In this study, the lead isotopic ratios of some of the ancient silver mines in Iran were compared. Comparing the results of analysis of lead isotope ratios for a number of ancient silver mines in Iran showed that the difference in lead isotope ratios of lead, zinc and silver reserves in the zone and geological axes of Iran is such that it can be used in the origin of ancient metalworking sites that mainly contain lead, zinc and silver minerals.
Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi, Seyyed Samira Altahabonab,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (11-2021)
Abstract
Kārbandi is one of the important elements in Iranian architecture. It is recognized for its successful combination of geometric knowledge and the architectural skill of artists and architects. It is seen as an example of the genius blend of geometry and architecture in Islamic-era Iranian architecture. Kārbandi is also considered one of the techniques used for arch coverings. This structural and decorative element, like other architectural ornamentes, becomes worn and damaged over time. According to studies, the usual approach to its preservation and restoration involves superficial examination and localized repairs without considering its theoretical and practical geometry. The distinction made between Kārbandi and Rasmi-bandi is not highly trusted by restorers, and neglecting the background of Kārbandi leads to differences in form and even structure during restoration planning. Therefore, when beginning any intervention for the restoration of Kārbandi, it is essential to fully identify the related theoretical and practical geometric aspects. With this goal, the present research is developed to critique the restoration of the historic Sedqiani House's Kārbandi, which was carried out in 2013 by the Technical Office of the Islamic Art University of Tabriz. The results show that in the restoration and execution of Kārbandi, alongside geometry, the materials used, the context of its formation, and the desires, taste, and creativity of the traditional architect also play a decisive role.
Fezeh Rahimi, Nasrin Noohi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (2-2022)
Abstract
Biological contamination of paper artifacts is a significant threat, causing not only damage to the paper itself but also posing health risks to conservators and restorers who are in close contact with them. Therefore, identifying the type of contamination is crucial for effective preservation and restoration. This article focuses on identifying biological contamination in a collection of paper artifacts from the Imamzadeh Mohammad in Tafresh, Iran. Preliminary examinations revealed evidence of biological contamination, including stains resulting from biological activity. These stains are a consequence of biodeterioration, leading to a reduction in the structural and artistic quality of the artifacts. To investigate the biological contamination, samples were taken from areas suspected of contamination and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (for fungal contamination) and nutrient agar (for bacterial contamination). After incubation, the grown colonies were examined and identified. The results of the identification of isolated fungal and bacterial showed contamination with various fungi, including Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and yeasts, as well as bacteria belonging to the Actinomycetes and Bacillus genus.
Fezeh Rahimi, Alireza Razaghi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Identity is one of the concepts with a broad range of meaning within the humanities. Its importance lies in the fact that it is impossible to find an individual, person, or object that has no identity. For this reason, it has been a subject of study across most of the different branches of humanities. It is also important in the field of cultural heritage, which is directly linked to the cultural identity of communities, and for this reason many documents have been prepared in this regard. Due to the importance of the issue, this article conducts a content analysis of international documents related to cultural heritage. For this purpose, the concept of identity was selected from several international documents related to cultural heritage. Based on the content analysis, the concept of identity in these documents can be examined under two main categories: the definition of identity and the domains of identity. Each of these categories has subcategories, that are classified in this article under the title of category and subcategory. However, how each of these categories and subcategories is prioritized within these documents, along with recommendations for improving the handling of the issue of identity in future documents, is addressed in this article. The importance of using the hierarchical analysis of subcategories in these documents is that, in addition to being effective in decision-making, it will also be helpful in compiling newer documents about identity. After identifying the categories and subcategories related to the concept of identity, they were prioritized. This means that after analyzing the content of the documents, their rank analysis was conducted, to determine the ranking of each category.
Fatemeh Shervani Tabar , Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi, M. R. Chenaghlou ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Karbandi is an arched structural element used for roof coverings in the historical architecture of Iran, distinguished by its high functional and formal capacity, simultaneously serving both structural and decorative purposes. The aim of this study is to answer the following questions: What trajectory has the formation process of Karbandi followed? What are the influential factors in this process and in its evolution into existing types? This qualitative research employs both fieldwork and library-based methods to collect data, which are then analyzed and evaluated. Initially, the gradual transition of common structural systems in historical Iranian architecture towards Karbandi was examined. The concept of Karbandi was also reviewed from the perspectives of various researchers to select the most precise definition. Subsequently, the key concepts related to Karbandi were identified and categorized. Karbandi is formed by narrow arches with chord-based and harmonious geometries, serving both load-bearing and decorative roles. Its primary characteristics include chordal geometry, orderly connections, the layered alignment of main points, and its construction based on a circular framework. The structural components of Karbandi can be analyzed through two aspects: theoretical geometry and practical geometry. It is important to note that the relationship between these two geometries is interactive and reciprocal, with some shared elements. Each of these components has influenced the formation process of this arched element while undergoing changes themselves throughout this process.
Seyyedeh Samira Altaha Bonab, Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (3-2026)
Abstract
Karbandi is a decorative-structural element of Iranian architecture implemented based on precise geometry that has been used in various and diverse parts of it, and one of the important parts of Karbandi is the application in the construction of the Chapireh. Iranian architects in dome houses used the chapireh to convert the square field into a circle, which has two parts: corner construction and shikanj. The aim of this research is to examine historical examples and categorize the forms of Karbandi implemented in the shikanj in line with the typology and systematic classification of historical examples. Also, the features of each of the implemented Karbandi will be examined in terms of the field and type of Karbandi in order to determine the relationship between the type of Karbandi implemented in the shikanj with the field and sides of the Karbandi. The research background shows that the Shikanj can be implemented in two ways: arched and karbandi. to achieve this goal, a classification of the form of the Karbandi in the studied Shikanj was presented. This research is a qualitative research that was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and the necessary information was obtained through library studies, objective observation, and examination of available samples. The results of the research show that the Karbandi in Shikanj can be divided into two categories from a shape perspective: large arch (including simple and with a Sosany) and small arch (including arch with Karbandi, simple Sakonj with Karbandi, and Torbe Filposh with Karbandi), each of which has its own characteristics that can be applied in fields such as half-arches. This research does not directly provide implementation instructions; but its results can help in subsequent studies and the process of recognizing authenticity in the conservation and restoration of the Karbandi implemented in Shikanj.
