In investigation of production technology and provenance studies of historical objects as well as to propose and develop strategies for restoring and conservation, it is necessary to get information about studied samples. This information is different according to the type and kind of materials of historical objects.
Today, identify and accurately determine the elemental composition and constituent material of given sample is one of this essential information that be able to measure using modern laboratory instruments In this paper, was presented some results was obtained in past few years from different historical and cultural objects using micro ion beam analysis in Van de Graaff laboratory of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute.
Investigation of Painted enameled potteries to determine the different pigments used in, determine the thickness and purity of the gold layer in gilded enameled potteries, determine the responsible elements to brightness of wall painting in a historical place, Investigate the causes of corrosion and degradation of an old manuscript, determine purity of Elymais bronze coins and determine the type of Iranian historical and ancient glasses are some studied objects that will be presented in this paper.
The results of these analysis will significantly help to investigate the production technology, to determine the authenticity of the samples and finally to use in restoration of these historical objects.

Khanqah of Sultan Ibrahim Khorrambid is a unique relic of the Timurid period. This building has exquisite stucco decorations, combined stone and tile decorations, and mosaic tiles. The building has a central domed chamber (gonbadkhaneh), the dome of which almost completely collapsed due to the earthquake and only a small part of it remains. Considering the climatic conditions, public expectations, and the need to preserve the decorative elements, reconstruction of the dome is deemed necessary. In the reconstruction of the dome, there are obstacles such as the weakness of the existing structure, the type of structure to be reconstructed, and the style of the dome. In this study, three methods for reconstructing the dome have been proposed: constructing the dome with bricks and implementing a wooden ring in the arch, implementing a combined metal and brick structure, and implementing the dome with a wooden structure. Considering that a small volume of the dome remains and on the other hand, preserving the decorations is important, implementing the dome with a light structure (the last case) is suggested.

Glaze is a layer of glossy or matte glass that is applied to the surface of pottery, which not only enhances its beauty but also provides strength and impermeability to the surface. Glazes are divided into several categories according to the type of ingredients as well as the temperature and type of firing. Glazes made from silica are transparent and colorless, which metal oxides such as copper oxide or cobalt, etc. are added to color the glaze. In the primary division, the opaqueness or transparency of the glaze is relevant, which depends on the lead or alkalinity of the glaze. Other classifications of glaze are based on the type of materials used and the firing temperature as well as the firing environment of the glaze. Knowing the types of materials used in the glazes significantly aids in better examination and identification, as well as in recognizing existing defects in the glaze, the type of damage, and the preservation of historical objects. One of the materials used in the structure of historical glazes is silica or flint, which is also used in modern glazes. This substance exists in nature in the form of quartz stones, of which different types have been identified in different parts of the world, plays an important role in the glaze structure. It enhances the bonding between the body and the glaze, and when combined with other materials, it makes the glaze glassy. It plays an important role in the strength of the glaze, and therefore its existence is necessary in the glaze, especially at high temperatures. This research aims to study the physical and chemical structure of silica and its role and importance in glaze formulation. To achieve this, it is necessary first to examine the type and structure of silica, and then discuss its advantages and disadvantages in the structure of the glaze and its importance in the glaze. By studying books and articles this research tries to familiarize the audience with one of the most basic materials used in glaze, which is silica, and how the quantity and type of silica used affects the type of glaze produced.

This study evaluates the curriculum of the Master’s program in Architectural and Urban Heritage Restoration in Iran, focusing on its effectiveness in preparing graduates for professional practice. The research investigates the extent to which the program aligns with contemporary labour market needs, technological advancements, and international standards in heritage conservation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines comparative analysis of curricula from leading universities with alumni surveys and semi-structured interviews, analysed through MaxQDA. Findings indicate a marked gap between academic training and professional demands, particularly in practical experience, digital technologies, legal literacy, and interdisciplinary competencies. Respondents stressed the importance of experiential learning, integration of sustainable and environmental approaches, and enhancement of both soft and hard skills. The study concludes with recommendations for comprehensive curriculum reform, including context-based learning, updated course structures, and the establishment of specialised tracks such as material-based conservation, structural interventions, theoretical perspectives, and heritage crisis management.