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Showing 3 results for Keshavarz
Emergency Conservation Report on the Sassanid Arches on the First Floor of the Western Side of the Espahbad Khurdish Arch-Structure, Savadkouh
Mehdi Abedini Araqi , Abolfazl Nikoobayan, Mohammad Keshavarz Divkolaee ,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
Conservation and restoration after archaeological excavations are important steps topics that should be given more attention, especially when a structure is excavated completely and uncovered, it is certainly faced with fundamental weaknesses and destructions. When these structures are unearthed, they are exposed to an environmental imbalance. At this point, the cooperation between archaeologists and restorers is of high importance. One of these protections has been carried out on an architectural work called Espahbad Khurshid arch-structure located on the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains in south of Mazandaran province and in the mountainous part of Savadkouh city. In the summer of 2023, the historical vault of Espahbad Khurshid was excavated for the first time. The C14 dating documents that this architectural work has been used from the 3rd century AD to the 7th century AD and is related to the beginning of the Sassanid era until the beginning of the Islamic period in northern Iran. The large arch structure of this building still remained on the three western, eastern and central sides. The height of the arch opening is 100 meters, and its horizontal length is about 85 meters. Its depth is 5 meters at the lowest parts and 20 meters at the highest part. In total, about 8,500 square meters of the structure remained from this building. On the western side of this arch on the first terrace, an archaeological excavation has been carried out, which provided important finds including numerous pottery sherds, weaponries including arrow heads, glass vessels and sealing clay. Important architectures were also revealed. Among them were some arches with Sassanid style and decorations which were immediately protected and restored after excavation, since the upper parts of the arch, which were visible under the rubble, were badly damaged. This restoration was done in cooperation with a large group of climbers and volunteers interested in history, archeology and nature tourism. This group has carried the needed materials for restoration including water, sand and plaster to the first terrace. The restoration style was based on the theory of the Venice charter. In this article, we present the description of the architectural structure in the natural arch of Espahbod Khurshid and its archaeological and conservation measures.

"Curriculum Models and Experienced Approaches in Conservation and Restoration Education"
Ph.d Mohsen Keshavarz, Ph.d Mohammad Mangeli,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Abstract
Education in the field of conservation and restoration of historical monuments plays a fundamental role in the preservation of cultural heritage. Due to the sensitivity of the subject and the scientific, technical, and cultural complexities involved, curriculum design in this field must be based on strong theoretical foundations and informed by successful international experiences. In recent decades, various countries have responded to the professional demands of this discipline by developing specialized programs in universities and higher education institutions. However, cultural, technical, and structural differences among these programs highlight the necessity of conducting comparative studies and critically evaluating curriculum models. Conservation and restoration of historical and cultural heritage is an interdisciplinary field that requires precise and goal-oriented curriculum planning for the training of specialists. This study aims to examine different curriculum models and conduct a comparative analysis of global experiences in the education of conservation and restoration. Although such models have not yet become institutionalized in Iran, and only a few instructors have occasionally experimented with these approaches, their application has been temporary and often limited to one or two semesters. Traditional teaching methods still dominate the academic landscape. Accordingly, this research first introduces several theoretical curriculum models, including the master-apprentice model, service-learning, praxis, and outcome-based learning. It then presents a comparative analysis of educational programs at various universities to identify their strengths, weaknesses, and effective patterns. The findings reveal that successful programs tend to establish a balanced integration of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and interdisciplinary perspectives. Based on these results, it is recommended that the revision of conservation education curricula in Iran draw on international experiences—many of which employ diverse or hybrid models—while being carefully adapted to local contexts.
 

Semantic Restoration and Epigraphic Reconstruction of the Great Salawat Inscription in the Haftshuiyeh Jameh Mosque
Dr Hamidreza Azarinia, Mr Hamidreza Keshavarzi Miandashti, Mr Sayyed Mahdi Mahdavi,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Abstract
Calligraphy art in Islamic architecture has been existed in Kufic form especially in the 13thAD., this was the time of the Mongol Ilkhanids in Iran. The evidence for Square Kufic under Ilkhanid religious freedom bear variation of meanings which indicates the religious orientation of the constructors. Sometime between two square Kufic inscriptions on different buildings are seen similarity on the rules of design and religious orientation which suggest unique works of one calligrapher. One of the most innovative one is in the mausoleum PirBakran. A large square panel containing salutation on the Prophet Muhammad and Twelve Imams is in the main exterior of the mausoleum. A similar Square Kufic containing same salutation exist in the Haftshuiyeh Mosque in a Mihrab Panel. Both monuments are in two districts of the Isfahan province not far from each other.
The contribution of this work is to extract the pattern of a damaged Kufic calligraphy in Haftshuiyeh Mosque considering the similar inscription in the mausoleum of PirBakran. There are some other decorative motives on the Haftshuiyeh mihrab find similars in the ornament of the PriBakran. With attention to the Kufic calligraphy works of PirBakran and Haftshuiyeh, their similar unique content and similar designs of both inscriptions, support the suggestion that the inscription of Haftshuiyeh, may originate from the calligrapher of PirBakran mausoleum. The aim of this study is to describe, analyze and compare the inscription of Pirbakran with Haftshuiyeh in order to find the word formations and compositional schemes and the rules of calligrapher’s design. To identify different structure and variation of the alphabet of Kufic letters, each word has been studied as far as possible in the PirBakran and Haftshuiyeh. Following the calligrapher’s rules, forms of the words, authors redesign and give explanation on the missing part of the Haftshuiyeh inscriptions.

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