Dr Hamidreza Bakhshandehfard, Ms Masoom Tafreshi Fami Tafreshi, Dr Mohammadamin Emami, Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2026)
Abstract
When dealing with historical bronze artifacts, we usually encounter a layer called patina on the surface of these artifacts. Understanding the nature, structure, and function of this layer is one of the fundamental issues in the field of conservation and restoration of historical metalsIn general, patina in metals is defined as a coating consisting of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, and chlorides, which forms as a result of the long-term interaction of the metal with environmental and corrosive factors.The question of what role patina plays in the conservation, historical interpretation, and restoration decisions of bronze objects has provided the main motivation for the present study to investigate and scientifically understand this phenomenon.In this article, while introducing the concept of patina and its types in historical bronzes, we examine the factors affecting the formation and evolution of this layer, including environmental conditions and alloy composition.
