http://journal.richt.ir/kcr دانش حفاظت و مرمت - مقالات نشریه - سال 1404 جلد8 شماره2 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com fa 1404/6/10 http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=295&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻫﺪف</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارزیابی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺤﺘﻮای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درﺳﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دوره</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارﺷﺪ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&raquo; </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺮﻣﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺣﯿﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺑﻨﯿﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تاریخی</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&laquo;</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ایران</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺳﺖ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺻﻠﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯿﺰان</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﺮﻓﻪای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﮕﺎن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯿﺰان</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﻧﻄﺒﺎق</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دوره</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻮﻻت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نوین</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎزار</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﺎر،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻗﺮار</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دارد</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﺮﺳﺶ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺻﻠﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺳﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭼﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﻧﺪازه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درﺳﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻓﻌﻠﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﺮﻓﻪای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻮﻻ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺟﺎری</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﻮزه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺮﻣﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺣﯿﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تاریخی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻫﻤﺴﻮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺳﺖ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">رویکردی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﺎﻣﻞ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">روشﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﻤﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﯿﻔﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﻧﺠﺎم</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﺪه</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺳﺖ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یک</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺳﻮ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درﺳﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دﺳﺘﻮر</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﺎر</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻗﺮار</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮔﺮﻓﺖ؛</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺳﻮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دیگر،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دادهﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﺎﺻﻞ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﮕﺎن،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﺳﺘﻔﺎده</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> MaxQDA </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گردید</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دو</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺴﯿﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﮑﻤﻞ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زﻣﯿﻨﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">را</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﻠﯿﺪی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درﺳﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته ها</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﺸﺎن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﮑﺎف</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯿﺎن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﺮﻓﻪای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وﺟﻮد</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دارد</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺿﺮورت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تقویت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻋﻤﻠﯽ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﻣﺤﻮر</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﻮدن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یادگیری</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طریق</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﺎرﮔﺎهﻫﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">واﻗﻌﯽ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نوین</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎزی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارﺗﻘﺎء</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﺮم</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﻈﯿﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﺮﻓﻪای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﻘﻮق</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﻐﻠﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﺷﺘﻨﺪ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻟﺰوم</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دروس</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پایدار،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">رویکردﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯿﺎن رﺷﺘﻪای</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﯿﺰ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻄﺮح</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﺪ</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. </span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺿﺮورت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺟﺎﻣﻊ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">درﺳﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯿﺎن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﻧﺶ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﻈﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی،</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺤﻮﻻت</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ارﺗﻘﺎء</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اﻧﻄﺒﺎقﭘﺬیری</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﯿﻼن</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﺎ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">آینده</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دارد؛</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺴﯿﺮی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮐﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﮔﺎﻣﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻣﺆﺛﺮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺟﻬﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺣﺮﮐﺖ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺑﻪ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺳﻮ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داﻧﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎی</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﻧﺴﻞ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﭘﻨﺠﻢ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺗﻠﻘﯽ</span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ﺷﻮد.</span></span></div> فاطمه مهدی زاده سراج http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=296&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻫﻮش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﻪ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻋﻨﻮان</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> یکی </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻧﻮین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻓﻨﺎوری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮐﻪ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">وﺟﻮه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">زﻧﺪﮔﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">اﻧﺴﺎن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">را</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺘﺤﻮل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻧﻘﺸﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮐﻠﯿﺪی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ارﺗﻘﺎ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">آﻣﻮزش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ایفا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮐﻨﺪ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">. </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺎ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺣﺎل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻧﻘﺶ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻓﻨﺎوری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">آﻣﻮزش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺮﻣﺖ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﭼﻨﺪان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﻮرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻗﺮار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">اﺳﺖ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">. </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺣﺎﺿﺮ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺳﻌﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">دارد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺗﺎ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺎ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮐﻤﮏ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻧﻈﺮیهﻫﺎی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">وﺟﻮه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">اﺳﺘﻔﺎده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻫﻮش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">آﻣﻮزش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺮﻣﺖ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">را</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﻮرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻗﺮار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">دﻫﺪ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">. </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">روش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">اﺳﻨﺎدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">و</span></span></span>&nbsp; <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﻪ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻃﻮر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺧﺎص</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">روش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻣﺤﺘﻮای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮐﯿﻔﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺟﻬﺖدار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺮای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺳﺎل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">اﺧﯿﺮ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> (</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">٢٠٢۵</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">-</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">٢٠١۵</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">). </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">اﺳﺘﻔﺎده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ارﺗﺒﺎط</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ</span></span></span>&nbsp; <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺑﺎ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﺳﻪ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﻧﻈﺮیه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">) </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری سازنده گرا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ارتباط گرا</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">). </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">بررسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">می شود</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">.</span></span></span><br> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">ﮐﺪﮔﺬاری دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﺮ یک از ﺳﻪ ﻧﻈﺮیه </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> اﺳﺖ و</span></span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ این اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰ یه و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. یاﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻮزه </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ، در ﺧﺼﻮص </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﺳﺎزﻧﺪهﮔﺮا، ﻣﺆ ﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﻓﻌﺎل، و ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ داﻧﺶ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻗﺒﺎل ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺧﺼﻮص </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ارﺗﺒﺎطﮔﺮا، ﻫﻮش ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﺳﺎزی و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت، ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻓﻨﺎوری، </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﻣﺪاوم، ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎری دیجیتال ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ سایر ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی دارﻧﺪ. یاﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودیتﻫﺎی ﻫﻮش ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ در دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎیی ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻮری ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ زﻣﯿﻨﻪای اﺳﺖ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ و در آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺮﻣﺖ این ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. یاﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ و ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ویژﮔﯽﻫﺎی دروس ﻣﺮﻣﺖ و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">یادگیری</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام، روش ﻫﻮش ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ</span></span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب یا</span></span></span>&nbsp;<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ.</span></span></span></div> محمدعلی اشرف گنجوئی http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=297&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ تحلیل ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ رشته کارشناسی ﻣﺮﻣﺖ آﺛﺎر تاریخی در ایران می پردازد؛ از نخستین نسخه ﻣﺼﻮب آن در ﺳﺎل ۱۳۶۴ ﺗﺎ بازنگری اساسی آن در ﺳﺎل ۱۴۰۱. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ رویکردی تحلیلی ـ تطبیقی، اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﻪ بررسی زمینه های نظری، تاریخی و اجرایی شکل گیری رشته ﻣﺮﻣﺖ در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزش عالی ﮐﺸﻮر می پردازد و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺪ ساختاری و محتوایی ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ پیشین ایﻦ رﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. یافته هایﺣﺎﺻﻞ از این ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎی دینی، ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی پایه ای ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و رﺷﺪ ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی نوین، ﻧﺎﮐﺎرآﻣﺪی هایی در اﺟﺮای آن نمایان ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎل ١٣٩٧، ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺟﻤﻌﯽ از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﻪروزرﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، ارﺗﻘﺎی آﻣﻮزش ﻋﻤﻠﯽ، ﺣﺬف دروس ﺗﮑﺮاری، اﻓﺰودن دروس ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎی ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد واﺣﺪﻫﺎی درﺳﯽ، اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺳﺎزی ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، تقویت ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﻈﺮی و ﻋﻤﻠﯽ و ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ از مهم ترین ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﻧﺴﺨﻪ جدید ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ آن، این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی اجرایی و ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ در ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎیی را ﺑﺮای ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آﻣﻮزش و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪﺳﺎزی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﯽ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ اﺷﯿﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و تاریخی ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، این ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺿﺮورت پویایی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ در ﺣﻔﻆ هویت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و تقویت سرمایه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارد و ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮای اﺻﻼﺣﺎت آینده در آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد.</span></span></span></span></div> مهدی رازانی http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=298&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یادگیری، آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ یادگیری ﺳﺎزﻧﺪهﮔﺮا و ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در دﻫﻪﻫﺎی اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺤﻮل در فرایند آﻣﻮزش ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. یادگیری دانشجویان در ﮐﻼس درس ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای آن ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﮏ یادگیری ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺤﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ و ﺳﺒﮏ آﻣﻮزش اﺳﺘﺎد درس دارد. این ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در دروس و واﺣﺪﻫﺎیی ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ یافت. از این رو در ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎیی ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی تاریخی، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻣﺤﻮر آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ دیگر ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزش ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻼسﻫﺎی یک ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮاﺑﮕﻮی آﻣﻮزش در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﻧﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و رویﮑﺮدﻫﺎی ﺟﺪیﺪ ی را ﻣﯽﻃﻠﺒﻨﺪ. یکی از این دیدﮔﺎهﻫﺎ یادگیری ﺳﺎزﻧﺪهﮔﺮاﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻣﻮزش ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در این راﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ روش اﻗﺪامﭘﮋوﻫﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﺮور ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮ ی ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ یک ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪﻣﺤﻮر در آﻣﻮزش داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ از ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎی تاریخی &nbsp;(ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان تمرین های &nbsp;ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ) را اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ این ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻼش دارد ﺑﻪ این ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﮐﻪ روش آﻣﻮزش و تدریس ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ می تواند ﺑﻪ تقویت وﺟﻮه خلاقانه ﺑﺮای ﺣﻞ مسائل تخصصی ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ؟ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﺪ. ﭘﺲ از در یافت ﺑﺎزﺧﻮردﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺒﯽ از ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﯿﻼن ـــ ﮐﻪ در فرآیند آﻣﻮزش، این تمرین ها را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ کرده اند. تحلیل محتوای ﻧﻈﺮات آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار MAXQDA اﻧﺠﺎم و نتایج آن اراﺋﻪ گردید. در نهایت ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ همسانی ﺑﺎزﺧﻮردﻫﺎی اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪفﻫﺎی تبیین ﺷﺪه، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار روش آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺎ یادگیری ﺳﺎزﻧﺪهﮔﺮا و مبتنی ﺑﺮ ﺣﻞ مسئله ﻣﺸﺨﺺ گردید. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ این اﻟﮕﻮ به عنوان نمونه ای ﺑﺮای تقویت مهارت های تخصصی دانشجویان ﺑﺮای الگوگیری در سایر دروس تخصصی این&nbsp; رشته پیشنهاد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.</span></span></span></span></div> رضا رحیم نیا http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=299&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <h6 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:28pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" light="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-0.5pt"><span style="font-size:15.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;&laquo;دَ ه کُند&raquo; یا &laquo;ﮐُﻨﺪ دوﭘﻨﺞ&raquo;، مهم ترین گره در بین گره های ایرانی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ به قدر و اهمیتی ﮐﻪ دارد، &laquo;اُ ّم اﻟﮕﺮه&raquo; (گره مادر) نامیده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻣﺮوز، روش های مختلفی ﺑﺮای ترسیم این ﮔﺮه، ﺑﯿﺎنﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﮐﺪام ﺑﻪ نحوی، اﻣﮑﺎن رﺳﻢ &laquo;واﮔﯿﺮه&raquo; یا زمینه کامل تری از آن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ می آورد. این در حالی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم روش های ذﮐﺮﺷﺪه، ﻋﻤﻼً ﺑﻪ نسخه ای از رﺳﻢ متوالی ﺧﻄﻮطِ دستوری ﺑﺪل شده اند ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪون آنﮐﻪ دلیل و مبنایشان روﺷﻦ ﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ شکلی کورکورانه تقلید و ﺗﮑﺮار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اتفاقی ﮐﻪ به طو اﺧﺺ، در ﺑﺎب آﻣﻮزش روش های ترسیم، مسئله ساز و ﭼﺎﻟﺶبرانگیز ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و اﻏﻠﺐ، ﺑﻌﺪ از کوتاه مدتی، از ذﻫﻦ و یاد ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ می رود. این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در پی آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ به جای ﺧﻄﻮط و ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ رمزگونه، ﺑﺎ خوانشی هندسی از محتوای واگیره، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت و ﻣﻨﻄﻖ هندسی آن را در روندی ﺧﻮاﻧﺎﺗﺮ و آﻣﻮزش پذیرتر از ترسیمات، اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﻨﺪ. این ﻣﻬﻢ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ پنج ضلعی آﻟﺖ &laquo;ﭘﻨﺞ ﮐُﻨﺪ&raquo; ﮐﻪ در این ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮای اولین ﺑﺎر &laquo;ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﺑﻮدن&raquo; آن در این ﮔﺮه اﺛﺒﺎت ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻫﺪف اصلی مقاله را ﺑﺎ یافتن روشی جدید از رﺳﻢ ﮔﺮه، ﻣﺤﻘﻖ می سازد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد آنﮐﻪ روندی از یک &nbsp;تحقیق کیفی را در محتوای کلی ﺧﻮد، یعنی یافتن و ارائه راه حلی جدید از ترسیم گره ده کُند، ﺑﺎﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب دﻧﺒﺎل می کند، درعینﺣﺎل، نتایج ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از یک آزﻣﻮن تجربی، بین دو ﮔﺮوه از داﻧﺸﺠﻮیان را نیز در بیان کارایی آﻣﻮزشی روش پیشنهادی ﺧﻮد در قیاس ﺑﺎ روش ﻣﻌﻤﻮل، ارائه ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. درنهایت، ﻣﺎﺣﺼﻞ این تحقیق، شیوه های جدید از آﻣﻮزش ترسیم ﮔﺮه ده ﮐُﻨﺪ (ﮐُﻨﺪ دوﭘﻨﺞ) را تبیین می کند ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد آﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ پیش رو آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ قابلیت فراگیری ﺑﻬﺘﺮ، وجوهی از &laquo;تعمیم پذیری&raquo; را نیز در ﻗﺒﺎل آﻣﻮزش ترسیم گره های دیگر آﺷﮑﺎر می سازد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h6> &nbsp; حجت گلچین http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=300&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در ﻧﻈﺎم آموزشی ﻣﺮﻣﺖ، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ اصلی ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داﻧﺶ فنی و تخصصی در زمینه ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، ﻓﻨﻮن و ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت حفاظتی ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮﭼﻪ این بنیان علمی ﺑﺨﺶ جدایی ناپذیر آﻣﻮزش در این رﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب می شود، ﺗﺤﻮﻻت نوین در ﺣﻮزه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎیستگی های اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی ﻧﺮم، ﮐﺎر ﺗﯿﻤﯽ و اﺧﻼق ﺣﺮﻓﻪای ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ی در ارﺗﻘﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن دارﻧﺪ. داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﻨﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪای دیرینه در آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﻨﺮ، یکی از ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﭘﯿﺸﺘﺎز و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﮐﺸﻮر در ﺣﻮزه ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺣﯿﺎی ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺗﺎریخی اﺳﺖ. این ﻧﻬﺎد ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎل ۱۳۵۶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ &laquo;پردیس اﺻﻔﻬﺎن&raquo; واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ &laquo;داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺎراﺑﯽ&raquo; ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، از اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ در ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻣﺮﻣﺖ آﺛﺎر تاریخی و ﻣﻌﻤﺎری سنتی فعالیت ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻪ مرکزی بی بدیل در ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺸﻮر تبدیل ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. این ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ تاریخچه ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺲ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﺮﻣﺖ و نیز ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر فعلی آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺮﻣﺖ در داﻧﺸﮑﺪهﻫﺎی ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ و ﺿﺮورت ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎی ﻓﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارد و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎیی ﺑﺮای ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮی ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺮﻣﺘﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺴﺌﻮل و شایسته اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.</span></span></span></span></div> حمیدرضا بخشنده فرد http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/browse.php?a_id=322&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span garamond="" style="font-family:"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">سکه های طلا از مهم ترین مواد باستان شناختی است که از دوران تاریخی در مناطق مختلف ایران ضرب شده اند. با مطالعات روشمند ساختار بیرونی و درونی سکه ها، علاوه بر احراز هویت تاریخی و تعیین اصالت، در زمینه ی کاربرد رویکردهای تحلیلی در رفع ابهامات اقتصادی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و سیاسی دوره های مختلف تاریخی اهمیت فراوانی دارد. در این پژوهش، سه عدد سکه ی طلا از ضرابخانه های مختلف از مجموعه سکه های زرین سلطان ابوسعید بهادر، فرمانروای ایلخانی، موجود در مخزن موزه ملی مورد مطالعه باستان شناختی و باستان سنجی قرار گرفت. در گام نخست، با هدف دسترسی به مستندات احراز هویت و شناسایی عناصر تشکیل دهنده سطح بیرونی، مراحل مستندنگاری و خوانش نقوش و خط نگاره ها و توزین و اندازه گیری قطر سکه ها انجام شد. در گام بعدی و در مهم ترین مرحله پژوهش، به منظور شناسایی ساختار درونی سکه های مورد مطالعه، آنالیز عنصری فلز سکه به منظور شناسایی ساختار متالورژیکی سکه ها انجام شد. در این مرحله بر روی نمونه ها آزمایش غیرمخرب پیکسی انجام شد. این آزمایش روشی غیرمخرب با حساسیت تحلیلی بالا و همچنین ابزاری علمی، دقیق و کاربردی برای تجزیه وتحلیل سکه های تاریخی می باشد. آنالیز با کاربرد شتاب دهنده و اندوگراف پژوهشکده فیزیک و شتابگرها در آزمایشگاه انرژی اتمی ایران انجام شد</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt">.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> پس از دستیابی به داده های ریزساختار اصلی، از آن جا که درصد ناخالصی نقش مهمی در تعیین عیار سکه های طلا دارد، بنابراین با هدف تعیین میزان خلوص، با تمرکز بر داده های ریزساختار ناخالصی، درجه خلوص و تغییرات عیاری در هر سه سکه با کاربرد روش آمار تحلیلی- استنباطی و بهره گیری از نرم افزار</span></span> SPSS <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مدل واریانس یک طرفه داده ها استخراج و به منظور دقت بالا در نتایج حاصله، تفاوت در شاخص های توصیفی با انجام آزمون توکی داده های به دست آمده آزمایش گردید</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt">.</span></span></span></span></span></div> اورینب نظریان