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Volume 1, Issue 2 (Spesial Issue 1.2 2018)
KCR 2018, 1(2): 18-28 |
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Hajian F, Amirkhani H. Application of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Studies. KCR 2018; 1 (2) :18-28
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-340-en.html
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-340-en.html
Abstract: (565 Views)
Diffraction-based techniques are fundamental tools for the characterization and understanding of materials of different nature, including those relevant to cultural heritage. Both conservation science and archaeometry may extensively profit from the information provided by diffraction techniques. The various methods and techniques of single-crystal and powder diffraction as applied to cultural heritage materials are briefly described with reference to specific examples, focusing on the extracted information in terms of (1) phase identification and quantification of crystalline compounds and complex polyphasic mixtures, (2) the texture and orientation of the crystalline phases, (3) the atomic and molecular structure of the phases involved, and (4) the physical microstructural state of the material in terms of crystallite size and accumulated strain. This paper presents a review of X-ray techniques used in art and archaeology and their applications as a non-destructive research tool in examining artistic and ancient objects. XRD is a standard procedure that provides information about the manufacturing process and condition of objects without physical contact, as well as insights into material composition and crystalline structure, making it widely used by archaeologists, curators, and conservators. The present paper aims to discuss the contribution of X-ray diffraction to cultural heritage and archaeology studies, based on personal experiences and those of other colleagues with various crystalline and non-crystalline materials. For this reason, the paper presents only a selection of cases identified by X-ray diffraction in cultural heritage conservation studies. It should be noted that X-ray diffraction plays a critical role in the analysis and characterization of these diverse materials. Another important goal of this work is to encourage in-depth studies on the use of X-ray techniques in the study of historical, archaeological, and artistic materials.
Type of Study: Research, Original, Regular |
Subject:
Executive reports on the conservation and restoration of objects in collections, museums, sites,
Received: 2025/11/16 | Accepted: 2018/09/22 | Published: 2018/09/22
Received: 2025/11/16 | Accepted: 2018/09/22 | Published: 2018/09/22
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