Research Paper
The Major Air Pollutants and Their Sources in the Erosion of Stone Materials in the Cultural Heritage Sites of the Marvdasht Plain

Fadaei, Hamid

doi:10.61882/kcr.7.4.19

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Hefazat va Maremat

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Volume 7, Issue 4 (2-2025) KCR 2025, 7(4): 19-45 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.61882/kcr.7.4.19

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Fadaei H. Research Paper The Major Air Pollutants and Their Sources in the Erosion of Stone Materials in the Cultural Heritage Sites of the Marvdasht Plain. KCR 2025; 7 (4) :19-45
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/kcr/article-1-229-en.html

Research Paper The Major Air Pollutants and Their Sources in the Erosion of Stone Materials in the Cultural Heritage Sites of the Marvdasht Plain

Hamid Fadaei ^*

Assistant Professor, Research Centre for Conservation of Cultural Relics, Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Tehran- Iran.

Abstract: (1987 Views)

Air pollution is one of the major challenges of modern life, exacerbating environmental crises, particularly in developing countries, and posing a serious threat to cultural heritage. Marvdasht, due to its ongoing development, is among the regions facing this issue. The presence of numerous historical sites registered on national and world heritage lists has made the impact of air pollution—especially considering the region's industrial expansion—a significant concern for cultural heritage specialists. This concern is further amplified by the presence of limestone-based stone heritage sites, such as the UNESCO-listed Persepolis and the Naqsh-e Rostam historical complex. These monuments, composed primarily of calcite, are highly susceptible to direct and indirect erosion and degradation caused by acid rain. This research aims to identify the sources of air pollutants in the region and assess their impact on the erosion of cultural heritage and stone monuments. Through a review of theoretical sources, field investigations, and laboratory analyses, the major sources of air pollution in the Marvdasht plain were identified and evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. To measure the impact of air pollution, air samples were collected from Persepolis and Naqsh-e Rostam as key stone heritage sites, as well as from the Marvdasht Petrochemical Complex, the primary pollution source in the area. The concentrations of NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and NH₃ in the air samples were measured using ion chromatography and stoichiometric calculations. The findings of this study indicate a high potential for pollutant-induced damage in the region.

Keywords: Air pollutants, stone erosion, Persepolis, cultural heritage sites, Marvdasht plain.

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Type of Study: Research, Original, Regular | Subject: Application of modern sciences, technologies, equipment, materials and methods
Received: 2024/10/18 | Accepted: 2025/01/6 | Published: 2025/02/28

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