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Architecture and Culture of Native Residence in the City of Bahar Part II (Inner Yard, Backyard and Their Components). athar
URL: http://journal.richt.ir/article-1-508-en.html

Architecture and Culture of Native Residence in the City of Bahar Part II (Inner Yard, Backyard and Their Components)

Keywords: Residence, Outer courtyard, Inner courtyard, Backyard, Kiosk (Kūshk), Room, Kitchen

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Due to the length of the article: "Architecture and the Culture of Indigenous Settlement in the City of Bahar", the author was forced to present the article in two parts. In the first part of the article, the typology of the house and the outer yard and their components were discussed, and in this part, the inner yard, the backyard and their components will be mentioned. As mentioned in the first part, Shahr-e Bahar is located in the northwest of Hamadan and its inhabitants are part of the Baharloo tribe. Bahar residents speak Turkish with a local dialect. Although in the past their main livelihood was through agriculture and animal husbandry, today their predominant occupation is agriculture and they are less involved in animal husbandry. Until recently, the Bahars lived in mud-brick houses, and the builders of these buildings were unknown local architects who, based on the needs of the people and taking into account economic, social and religious issues, prepared a house plan and built it according to the owner’s desire. Depending on the job and social status of the people, some houses had a central courtyard and a group had two courtyards called inner and outer, and in some cases the owner of the house had a high social status and consequently the houses of these people in addition to the outer courtyard and the inner courtyard had another small courtyard behind the inner one, which was the resting place of the women and the mahrams. In this part, our attention is focused on the inner courtyard and the backyard. In the native architecture of the city of Bahar, the interior and its accessories have been considered by traditional architects both in terms of application and visual arrays. As much as the outer courtyard and its components had a workshop and storage aspect, the inner courtyard along with the garden and the pond, as well as the surrounding rooms, have a relaxation aspect and is considered a safe mental and spiritual place. In this part, the author focuses on introducing the inner courtyard and backyard and everything around them. One of the most important topics presented was the introduction of the garden and its landscaping along with water ponds and wells, as well as garden and summer products inside. In addition, in this section, the underground storage inside the yard, as well as the storage and the place for baking bread are also mentioned. But the main content is related to the sleeping and resting spaces of the residents living in the native houses of Bahar city. Due to the importance of the subject, the author has introduced the components and accessories of each of the mentioned spaces as well as the materials used in them. The use of spaces has been studied as well. In this regard, a lot of effort has been made to briefly and usefully mention the function of each space. In addition, efforts have been made to introduce and describe the spaces used for objects and goods. In order to make the subject more tangible and clear, besides using several images, the author will help to prepare a plan for different types of houses and provide written designs of facades and building components for a better and closer image to the reality of the reader. Nevertheless, the author's purpose in writing this article is to record knowledge and skills related to the construction and operation of indigenous housing in the city of Bahar to help record the tangible and intangible heritage of the city of Bahar.

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Architecture
Received: 2020/09/1 | Accepted: 2020/10/31 | Published: 2020/12/10

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