Athar
فصلنامه علمی اثر
Athar
Art & Architecture
http://journal.richt.ir/athar
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2018
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مطالعات خاک شناسی مصالح خشتی تاریخی و باستانی در مناطق مختلف ایران
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Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انواع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اصلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بناها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جامانده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دوران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دلیل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطالعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرایندهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرسودگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همواره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مورد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متخصصان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حفاظت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرمت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بوده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مفهومی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نسبی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">صرف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نحوۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آوری،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تابعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ویژگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فیزیکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مواد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سازنده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همچون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میزان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چسبندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مورد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همچنین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غیر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هاست</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اساس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جغرافیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پراکندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشتی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایران،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طرح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحقیقاتی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمونه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محوطه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باستانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بناهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مورد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family:minionpro-regular,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">XRF</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">،</span></span></span> کانی شناسی(<span style="font-family:minionpro-regular,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">XRD)</span></span>، <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکانیکی</span></span></span> (<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شاخص</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خمیری</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرفت</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">­</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دهد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اساساً</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماسه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گاه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همراه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سیلت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اجزای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ریزدانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هرسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلریت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موسکویت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایلیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همچنین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کائولینیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شمالی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دیده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حالی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جنوب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرقی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرکزی[</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کانی ها]</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مونت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یونیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کائولینی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سبب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جذبِ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساختار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پایدارتری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عوض</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تمورینیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جذب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">م</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاصیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آماس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پذیری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بنابراین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میزان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مهمی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایفا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">وجود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلرور</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شمال</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرقی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرکزی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جنوب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرقی،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">علاوه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چسبندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ذرات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بردن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انسجام</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چرخه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشک،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طریق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرایند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فیزیکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واگرایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساختار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شستگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیارهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمیق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فوق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پدیده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ذرات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلوئیدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اکسیدهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آهن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">لیمونیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Fe</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;">۲</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">O</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;">۳</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. H</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;">۲</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">O</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاکِ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">منطقۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرکزی</span></span></span> (<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ابیانه</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باعث</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زردی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رنگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چسبندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سبب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اندود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهگل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بسیار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></div>
85
96
http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-368&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
منیژه
هادیان دهکردی