fa بررسی سیر تحول معماری کاروانسرا های حیا ط دار مرکز ایران تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">هم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بناهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">راهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منزلگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">امن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانیان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسیرهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مهم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بازرگانی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زیارتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بوده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ابهامات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعددی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چگونگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحولات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساختاری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بناهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارزشمند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ادوار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مختلف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">وجود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رو</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحول</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ضرورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقالۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حاضر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هدف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آشنایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تبیین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحولات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توصیفی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحلیلی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اساس</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتابخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تدوین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">&shy;</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">دهد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسلام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اوایل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسلامی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منازل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اتراق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گاهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازماندهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعدد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیرامون</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انداخته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسکان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استراحت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانیان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متمرکز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بوده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحولاتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظیرِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گشایش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزرگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضاها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گوشه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایجاد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رواق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جلوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهارایوانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سلجوقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرسوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایلخانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جدیدی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متأثر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترکیب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهارایوانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سلجوقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گونۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چاپارخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پدیدار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایلخانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پایان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قاجاریه،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرسوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطبل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برگرفته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چاپارخان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسرا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رواق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جلوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوانچه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تبدیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تیموری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مدخل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطبل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ورودی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتقال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یافت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استقرار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محدود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صفویه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فراوانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انفجار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تعبیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسرا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اوج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پختگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رسیده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نمون</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعدد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متنوع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقیا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">س</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مختلف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کالبدی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کارکردی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مانده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قاجار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تداوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صفوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دانست</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قاجار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">علاوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">غرفه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جزییات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضاها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بیشتر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توجه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> طراحی, سازماندهی فضایی, ویژگ ی های کالبدی, تحولات معماری, کاروان سراهای حیا ط دار ایران. 49 66 http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-366&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 مجتبی کاویان Yes غلامحسین غلامی No