Athar
فصلنامه علمی اثر
Athar
Art & Architecture
http://journal.richt.ir/athar
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درآمدی بر شناخت معماری قلع ههای شهر بافران
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایمنی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امنیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همواره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دغدغه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اساسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انسان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محسوب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">لذا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آدمی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همواره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دنبال</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یافتن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیوه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اثرات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عوامل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تهدیدکنندۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایمنی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امنیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بوده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آنجا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کشور</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذشته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مسیر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حوادث</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معرض</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انواع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حمله</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تهاجم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظامی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ملل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قبایل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همسایه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واقع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بود،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پدیدۀ</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">«</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دفاع</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">»</span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرسازی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اثر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیادی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داشته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کالبدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حصار،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برج،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خندق،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">... </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استحکاماتی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظامی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غیر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظامی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بودند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ویژگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جغرافیای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طبیعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جهت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حفظ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امنیت،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عموماً</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ارتفاعات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شدند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کهن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرستان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نایین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">راه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باستانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کرمان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واقع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عنوان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مهم ترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظام</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دفاعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذشتۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جمله</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قابل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">­</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رویکرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دسته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کرد</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تعدادی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه­ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خارج</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محدودۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مسکونی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یابی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مزارع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرفته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دیگر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آنها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نیز</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بلندترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقطۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ریگ،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رضی،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">علی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آباد،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سوری،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حسین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آباد،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ک</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رستم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوشتۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حاضر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توصیفی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحلیلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گردآوری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اطلاعات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طریق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصاحبه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افراد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطّلع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آگاهان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلی</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> )</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شفاهی</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">( </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برداشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میدانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شکلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ارزیابانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موضوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">را</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بررسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اینکه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکتوب </span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">منابع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جغرافیای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سفرنامه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">...( </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نیز</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اشاره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">­</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشده،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رویکرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمدۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مبتنی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مشاهدات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مبیّن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلاع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دستۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">الف</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مستقر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بالاترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقطه؛</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ب</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرفته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرداگرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روستا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عنوان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکمّل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مستقر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بلندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حفاظت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبادی؛</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ج</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اربابی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واقع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مزارع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مسکون،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">م</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گیرند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رستم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دلیل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موقعیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاص</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرارگیری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ویژگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کالبدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماریان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارد،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظام</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دفاعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذشتۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پررنگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داشته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></div>
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http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_code=A-10-24-364&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
مهدی
سلطانی محمدی