http://journals.richt.ir/athar فصلنامه اثر - مقالات نشریه - سال 1397 جلد39 شماره80 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com fa 1397/1/12 http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=895&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میراث روستایی بخش مهمی از میراث بشری است که حاوی مجموعۀ پیچیده ای از میراث ملموس و ناملموس فرهنگی است و ارتباط ناگسستنی با محیط و طبیعت پیرامون دارد. از همین روی می توان از آن به عنوان منظر روستایی نام برد. شناسایی ابعاد و ارزش های مختلف این مناظر می تواند به فهم بهتر شیوه های سازگاری مردم با سرزمین خود، روش های تولید مبتنی بر بستر فرهنگ و بستر طبیعی آن منجر شود. در زمانه ای که با چالش های جدی در خصوص تضعیف فرهنگ ها و تخریب و استفادۀ بی حدِ و حصر منابع طبیعی روبرو هستیم و مشکل آب و هوای پاک، غذا و تولیدات سالم روز به روز به صورت جدی تری در محافل علمی مطرح می شود، توجه به مناظر روستایی زنده برای بهره گیری از تجارب موجود، ضرورت می یابد. از این روی سندی توسط کمیته علمی بین المللی منظر فرهنگی ایکوموس ـ ایفلا در سمپوزیم مربوط به نوزدهمین اجلاس عمومی ایکوموس در دهلی نو در ۲۰۱۷ تهیه و تصویب شد. در این سند سعی شده توجه همگان به انواع روش های تولیدی مناظر روستایی اعم از کشاورزی، دامداری، ماهیگیری، شکار و جمع آوری مواد غذایی وحشی، جنگلداری و استخراج منابع جلب شود و تعامل هرچه بیشتر انسان با طبیعت، که در برگیرندۀ دانش فنی و تجربی انسان هاست، خاطر نشان گردد. سند حاضر ضمن پرداختن به تعاریف و ضرورت های توجه به مناظر روستایی زنده، به تهدید ها و چالش هایی که در جهان امروز برای این مناظر وجود دارد نیز تأکید دارد. سپس ضرورت حفاظت پایدار از آنها را مطرح می نماید. شرط حفاظت پایدار چنین منظر هایی را شناسایی ارزش های آن و انتقال دانش جمعی و معانی فرهنگی به نسل های آینده برمی شمرد و در نهایت معیارهایی برای دستیابی به این پایداری مطرح می کند. </span></span></div> مدیا شکرانی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=896&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مجموعۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جهانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سلیمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بناهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساسانیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سپس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حدود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> 700 </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بعد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایلخانان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مغول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بازسازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اقدام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کردند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شاخص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وضعیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایستایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نامناسبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیازمند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استحکا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">م</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بخشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بدین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منظور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نخست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نحوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">واجد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هدف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تحقیق،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاررفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تأکید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نحوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چیدمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میدانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گرفت</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نتایج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاررفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شامل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سنگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گچِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پختِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساسانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قطعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سنگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پاک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تراش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عمدۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">راسته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">راسته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سوم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ملات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گچ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پختِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اجرا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایلخانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بازسازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بخش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فروریخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سنگِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">لاشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ملات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گچ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مشابه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نهایت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فضای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داخلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاشیکاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پوشش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همچنین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جدارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شرقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جرزها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قنماهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقرنس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گچی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">.</span></span></span></div> رضا تقوی قر ه بلاغ http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=897&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از میان عناصر سازندۀ معماری در دورۀ قاجار، &laquo;کاشی&raquo; دارای جایگاه ویژه ای است. در این دوره به دلیل نفوذ معماری غربی، معماران در کنار توجه به فضاهای داخلی به تزیین فضاهای بیرونی نیز توجه بیش تری نشان دادند. به دلیل تنوع مضامین در پیوند با تحولات فرهنگی این دوران، ترسیم میوه های مختلف بر روی کاشی های مصورِ مجموعۀ باغِ کاخ گلستان را نمی توان نادیده گرفت. میوه نگاری های این مجموعه ، شامل انار، انگور، خیار، خربزه، سیب، گلابی، هندوانه، و سایر میوه ها است که در پیوند با ویژگی های فرهنگی و هنری این دوره شکل گرفته اند. این مقاله ضمن بررسی جلوه های تصویری خوراک خام (میوه ها) به معرفی ویژگی های کاشی های کاخ گلستان در پیوند با فرهنگ خوراک ایرانیان می پردازد. بازشناسی این آثار کمک فراوانی به شناخت قابلیت های فرهنگی و تحولات این هنر در دورۀ قاجار می کند. مقالۀ حاضر پژوهشی بینارشته ای و توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است که به گردآوری اطلاعات به روش اسنادی (کتابخانه ای) پرداخته است. </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فرآیند این پژوهش، با استناد به عکس ها و سفرنامه های دورۀ قاجار</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> با مبنا قرار دادن خوراک خام، به مثابه عنصری فرهنگی پیش می رود. </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سؤال پژوهش این است که ویژگی های بصری و فرهنگی میوه نگاری در کاشی های کاخ گلستان چیست؟ یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد که میوه نگاری به عنوان موضوعی مستقل در کاشی های دورۀ قاجار، با هویت و فرهنگِ خوراک ایران پیوند دارد.</span></span></span></div> سمینه خوبی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=898&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خشتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عنوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مصالحی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دسترس،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هزینه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قابلیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اجرای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مناطق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خشک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دیرباز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کنون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ابنیه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رایج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زلزله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خیزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بالای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پذیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">احتمالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کلیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بومی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلاش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شناسایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نقاط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ضعف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">احتمالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خشتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روستایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رخداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">منظور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حفظ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یابد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سنت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">همچنین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">الگوهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیستی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مرتبط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ابنیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خشتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روستایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بخشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مآورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیاز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حفاظت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دارند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مجموعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خشتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جریان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">لرزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سال</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ۱۳۵۷ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دیده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دچار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تخریب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گوناگونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روستای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اصفهک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">واقع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شهرستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طبس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فهرست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ملی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ثبت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رسیده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نکات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جالب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ابنیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روستا،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رخداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نرخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متفاوتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">لرزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مذکور،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زلزله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طوری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بعضی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دچار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خسارات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جدی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اما</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دیگر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دیده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سالم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مانده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">احتمالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">الگوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شیوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اجرای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عنوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عامل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">احتمالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مؤثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نرخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خلال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زلزله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طرح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توصیفی</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تحلیلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اطلاعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیاز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طریق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کتابخانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میدانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آمده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتایج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حاصل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حاکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عبور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قنات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باعث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تشدید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آس</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ی</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ب ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">همچنین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">الگوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ابنیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روستا </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دست کند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">چینه</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خشت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قالبی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مستقیمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">لرزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">داشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کیفیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پایین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اجرا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عدم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تمهیداتِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمانیِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مناسب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هدف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ارتقای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقاومت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">لرزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مذکور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توسط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سازندگان،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دیگر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">علل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رخداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">لرزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بناهاست</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span></span></div> وحید ذات اکرم http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=899&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ناحیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باغ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فیروزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فضایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وسعت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۱۳۰ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هکتار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گسترده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">درون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۱۰ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شدۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هخامنشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هفت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عدد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عناصر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سنگی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بقایای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سطح،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۲ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دیگر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تپه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مدور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ارتفاع</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۳ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هستند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حاشیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شرقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باغ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فیروزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">واقع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فیروزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۳۰۰ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جنوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شرقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۴۰۰ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شمال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> ۸ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سال</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> (۱۳۹۰- ۱۳۹۷ ش) </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مطالعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">واقع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نتایج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بخش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شهر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پارسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محدودۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معروف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باغ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فیروزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مکشوفه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تواند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ه های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آغازین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تختگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمشید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منسوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گذاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یافته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ارزشمند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خلاء</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اطلاعاتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خصوص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شکل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شهر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پارسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داریوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجرهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">لعاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نقش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مایه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسطوره</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حیوانات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ترکیبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاررفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قدمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساختمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آپادانای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمشید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بازمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گردد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیشتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دروازۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایشتار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آغاز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سدۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ششم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قبل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میلاد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مشابهت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منظر،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقایسۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سبک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخت،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شیوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سنجی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خصوص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چگونگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مواد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجرهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">لعاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محوطۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بابل،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نقش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تعیین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کننده</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">درک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روابط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فرهنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دوره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جنوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غرب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همراه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بناهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیرامونی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بافت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مکانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فاصلۀ</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">۳/۵ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کیلومتری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تختگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمشید،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چشم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انداز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بافت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شهری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قسمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عنوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کهن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرحلۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استقراری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شهر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پارسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حایز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نخستین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کشفیات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جدید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اتکاء</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پژوهشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چندرشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هیئت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مشترک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایرانی</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">-</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایتالیایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شهر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پارسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمشید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چارچوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تفاهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نامه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همکاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دانشگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بولونیا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پژوهشکدۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همکاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سازمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فرهنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دانشگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شیراز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنیاد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جهانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمشید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span></div> علیرضا عسکری چاوردی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=900&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دربارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دوران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جدید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نوشتاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بسیار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اندک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مطالبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دربارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ادبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پراکنده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معمولاً</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دربارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فاخر،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مربوط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مردم،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روستایی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مسیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساختن،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سازوکار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عاملان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ک</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سخن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حال،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">احوال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گوناگون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زندگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روابط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایرانیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسنادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مانده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آکنده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اطلاعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسنادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قبیل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وقف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نامه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قراردادها</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسناد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ویژه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسناد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سلطانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دیوانی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آرشیوهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دولتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نگهداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شود؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اما</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هزاران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اشخاص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خانواد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ه ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آرشیوهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خصوصی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جملۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مجموعۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسناد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خانوادگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خانواده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گرگانی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;"> )</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استرآبادی)</span></span> &nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقاله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تکیه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مجموعۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسناد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خانوادگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استرآباد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توصیفی</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تحلیلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نوشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقاله،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پردازیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هردو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مربوط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استخدام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معمار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساختن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حمام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روستای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گناره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استرآباد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اواخر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قاجاریان</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سندها،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نکاتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دربارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طرز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">واگذاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معمار،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اجزای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حمام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ویژگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کالبدی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اجزا،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زبان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مشترک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معمار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آید</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span></div> مهرداد قیومی بیدهندی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=901&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بناهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خلاقانه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مانند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زاییدۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دانش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بومی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هوش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گذشتگان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هستند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عنوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بناهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بشرویه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قاعده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مستثنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیستند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کالبدی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کارکردی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فناوری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رسیدگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دنبال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خواهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داشت</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دیدگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کالبدی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کارکردی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">موضوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طرح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بشرویه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توضیح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مفصلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ارائه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تنها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توضیح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مختصری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دربارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نحوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گردش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ارائه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقاله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نخستین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ریزفضاها،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخت،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">موقعیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرارگیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">منطقۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بشرویه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گردآوریِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اطلاعاتِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">لازم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتابخانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میدانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بهره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نهایت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توصیفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تحلیل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آمده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یافته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حاکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دارای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تشابهات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زیادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کالبد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کارکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">طور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مصالح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هستند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تنوره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هستند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یکسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">.</span></span></span></div> حنیفه کراگری http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=902&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایجاد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تعادل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیازها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خواسته های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">امکانات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بالفعل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بالقوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">موجود در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محیط</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گذشته های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">او بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آسیاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سازه های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که در زندگی اقتصادی و اجتماعی گذشته نقش مؤثری ایفا می کرده است. به سبب نیاز شدید به آسیاب، این سازه حتی در مناطق کم آب نیز ساخته می شد، ولی صورتی موقتی داشت و در فصول خاصی مورد استفاده قرار می گرفت و یا تدابیری خاصی برای تأمین آب آن اندیشیده می شد. در جنوب خراسان و به ویژه بیرجند که آب دائمی کم تری داشت از آب بندها و قنات برای گردش آسیاب استفاده می شد و به خاطر وجود این دو عنصر از دورۀ قاجار آسیاب های متعددی در اطراف این شهر ساخته شده که نیازهای این شهرِ در حال رشد و توسعه را برآورده می کرد و متأسفانه اکنون غالباً بقایای آن آسیاب ها به جا مانده است. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پژوهش حاضر بر اساس روش توصیفی و تحلیلی</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به بررسی ابعاد مختلف آسیاب های شهر بیرجند می پردازد و آن ها را از نظر معماری و اجزای داخلی آن، شیوۀ فراهم کردن آب، ابعاد و اندازه، و موقعیت جغرافیایی بررسی می کند </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و مواد و یافته های آن، بخشی از طریق مطالعه منابع کتابخانه ای و بخش دیگر از مطالعات و بررسی های میدانی حاصل آمده است.</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> پرسش اساسی تحقیق حاضر این است که اجزای اصلی معماری این آسیاب ها چه بوده و آیا تنوعی در عناصر معماری آسیاب دیده می شود؟ در بررسی و مطالعه ای که در بارۀ این آسیاب ها انجام شد، نشان از این دارد که این سازه ها از لحاظ قسمت های مختلف از جمله جوی انتقال آب، تنوره، اتاقک آرد گندم و ملحقات آن، و نیز مصالح، شبیه به هم بوده و تغییرات اندکی در فضاهای معماری از جمله اتاقک نگهبانی و انبار آن از لحاظ وسعت و اندازه مشهود است.</span></span></div> ذبیح الله مسعودی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=903&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتابخانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرکز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسناد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پژوهشگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فرهنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گردشگری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">علاوه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشریات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فارسی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مجلات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تخصصی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خارجی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فراوانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پیرامون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مرمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بناهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هنرهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وابسته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آن،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هنرهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سنتی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مردم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشریه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ادبیات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">علمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتابخانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سازمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فرهنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">افزوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جهت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پژوهشگاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">صفحه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تازه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مجلات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خارجی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اهدائی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">یا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خریداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتابخانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فرهنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پردازد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باشد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رهگذر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">زمینه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آشنائی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بیشتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">محققین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">علاقمندان</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتاب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کتابخانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فراهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آید</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;">.</span></span></span></div> معصومه ازقندی