http://journals.richt.ir/athar فصلنامه اثر - مقالات نشریه - سال 1396 جلد38 شماره78 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com fa 1396/9/10 http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=808&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جملۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گلینِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فلات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">وسعتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چشمگیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طویل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اما</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مورد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">لطفی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برد؛</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قلعه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جلگه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساختاری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گلین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مساحت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تقریبی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پنج</span> <span dir="LTR">&raquo;</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گورتان</span> <span dir="LTR">&laquo;</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گرفته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هکتار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قدمتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حدوداً</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هزارساله</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهارده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نگهبانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مدور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیرامون</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دیوارهایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سرکشیده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آسمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفاظت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بهتر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساکنان</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کهن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گورتان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حدود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> ۱۲۰ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">کیلومتری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شرق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصفهان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">درساحل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زاینده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حدود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نیمۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بیستم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عدۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زیادی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اهالی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روستای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گورتان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قلعه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سکونت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">داشتند،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اما</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سبب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مشکلات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">موجود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تدریج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بیرون</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قلعه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آوردند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عمدۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضاهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ماندۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نگهداری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">احشام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اختصاص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دادند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">میدانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">درسال</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">۱۳۸۹ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دهندۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اقامت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خانواده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اما</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اقامت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تغییرات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نوسازی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">غیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span dir="LTR">&raquo;</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بم</span> <span dir="LTR">&laquo;</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قابل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قبولی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">همراه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بوده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">عمدۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضاهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزرگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گلین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شاید</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بتوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بعد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عنوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزرگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گلی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یاد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرد،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اثر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توجهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دچار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آسیب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قبیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ریزش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تعدادی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طاق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عمیق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دیوارها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سقف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رانش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دیوارها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تخریب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کامل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یکی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ازبرجها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">... </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> &nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نوشته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دست</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یابی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناختِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هویت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اجزای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بافت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">راستای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معرفی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جامعۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرهنگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زمینه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انجام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفاظت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صحیح،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هدف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصلی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">داده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاربردی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">موردکاوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قلعۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مذکور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گردآوری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اطلاعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طریق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">میدانی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتابخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آرشیوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رویکرد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حاصل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ویژگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نهفته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قلعه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پس</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انجام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شایسته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">موضوع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفاظت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جدی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معرفی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اول</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مراقبت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اولیه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اضطراری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیشنهاد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دهد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> بهنام پدرام http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=809&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">لازمۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">گذر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">رودخانه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">فصلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دائمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">انگیزه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">متنوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تجاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سیاسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">نظامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دوره</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مختلف،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">احداث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آذربایجان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شرقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سبب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">داشتن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مسیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">جادۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ابریشم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">راه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ارتباطی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شرقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ــ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">غربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شمالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ـ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">جنوبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">همواره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">نقش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مهمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">روابط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تجاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مسیرهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تجاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">داشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دوره</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">زیادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مسیرهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">عبور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مرور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دختر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">جملۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">هاست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قرائت</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">کتیبۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تخریب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شدۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ساخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سال</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;"> ۸۸۸</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تیموری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">نسبت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">می</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دهند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ولی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">احداث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اولیۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شواهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تاریخی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">احتمالاً</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">زمانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قبل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بازمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">گردد</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">لحاظ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">معماری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دختر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شامل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">چشمه</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;"> (</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دهانه</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بزرگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قوس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">جناقی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">همراه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">گذر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">کوچک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">روی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آب</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بُر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مستحکم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سازۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آجری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ملات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ساروج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">روی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">طاق</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ترکیبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آمیزه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شیوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">طاق</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">زنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">رومی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ضربی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">هستند؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">کرده</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">جز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آسیبِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ناشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">فرسایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">گذشت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">زمان،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مُخرب</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ترین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آسیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سازه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">&nbsp; ۲۱</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آذر</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;"> ۵۲۳۱</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">انفجار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دهانۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">توسط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">فرقه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دموکرات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آذربایجان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">وارد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">طول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سالیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بارها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مرمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بازسازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">کتیبۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">نخستین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قرن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">هجری</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;"> (</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">صفوی</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آخرین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ناموفق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سال</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;"> ۲۸۳۱</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">توسط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">سازمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میراث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">فرهنگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مرمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">حاضر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مطالعۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">اسنادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تطبیقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دختر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مرمت</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">لزوم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مرمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بازسازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">کامل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">منظور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">جلوگیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تخریب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">بیش</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">تر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">احیای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">مجموعۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">دختر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">عنوان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">یکی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">قطب</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">گردشگری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">شهرستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">میانه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">پیشنهاد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">می</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">کند</span></span><span dir="LTR">.</span><br> &nbsp;</div> مهدی رازانی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=810&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آرامگاه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">محلۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شیشه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ریز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شهر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">جالق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">جملۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">برجسته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">منحصربه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">فرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">جای</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مانده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">استان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">سیستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بلوچستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">اینکه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">سال</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;"> ۱۳۷۸ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">فهرست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ملی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ثبت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">رسیده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">اما</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دقیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">احداث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آن</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مشخص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نیست</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;"> [</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">حدس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">زده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">] </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">سلجوقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">صفوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ساخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">باشند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">گذشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شیوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">معماری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آنچه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">منحصر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">فرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">کرده،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مصطبه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">موجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">کف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دفن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نوزادان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بدنۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دیوارهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">داخلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بناهاست</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دربارۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">چراییِ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تدفین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نوزادان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">درون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دیوارهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">اتفاق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نظری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ندارد</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">یافتن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">پاسخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">پرسش،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">هدف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">اصلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">پژوهش،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">یعنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شناساندن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">اثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">کم</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نظیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">علاقه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مندان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">وادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">فرهنگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تمدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ویژه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آنکه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آرامگاه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">سبب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آنکه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">وجاهت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مذهبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ندارند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بی</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">توجهی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مردم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">محلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">واقع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">حال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">خود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">رها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">اند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">امروزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شاهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نابودی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تدریجی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بناهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ارزشمند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">هستیم</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">همین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">منظور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نوشتار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ابتدا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">موقعیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">قرارگیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تاریخچه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مجموعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">پرداخته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">سپس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">توصیف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دقیقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">معماری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">دست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">داده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نهایت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">علل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شیوۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">منحصربه</span></span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">فرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تدفین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شهر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">جالق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ذکر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">نتیجۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">تواند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مبدأ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">آتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقدمه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">حفاظت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">مقابر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">باشد</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;">.</span></span></div> سحر رستگار ژاله http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=811&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عوامل طبیعی از اصلی ترین و اثرگذارترین عواملِ شکل بخشی یک سکونت گاه و تحولات آن هستند. کوه ها، رودخانه ها، قنوات و دره ها از جملۀ مؤلفه های نیروی طبیعی هستند. در این میان چگونگی تأمین آب در شکل گیری یک زیستگاه و تحولات آن نقشی بارز دارد. کیفیت تأمین آب هر زیستگاه، بخشی از فرهنگ آن است. در اقلیم گرم و خشک محمدیه با بارش اندک و عدم وجود منابع آب های سطحی، قنات ها به عنوان تنها تأمین کنندۀ آب مطرح بوده اند. این قنات ها دو گونه اند: گونۀ نخست قنات های مزروعی (مانند قنات حَ نفَش) که بلافاصله از مظهر وارد زمین های کشاورزی می شوند، و گونۀ دوم قنات های شهری ـ مزروعی که بعد از مظهر، وارد بافت مسکونی شده و مسیر تقسیم و پخشایش آن املاک و اراضی خصوصی و همچنین فضاهای عمومی را در می نوردد. با توجه به اینکه قنات محمدیه ذیل گونۀ قنات های شهری ـ مزروعی قرار می گیرد، این پژوهش در قالب روشی تحلیلی و پیمایشی در سه بخش به بررسی نحوۀ تعامل ساکنان محمدیه با این نظام آبی پرداخته است. شناخت این قنات و همچنین مسیر آن تا مظهر در ابتدای بافت مسکونی، بخش اول این تحقیق را تشکیل می دهد. بررسی شبکۀ تقسیم قنات در بافت مسکونی و عناصر و فضاهای کالبدی که در پیوند با این نظام شکل گرفته اند، در بخش دوم انجام گرفته است. موضوع بخش سوم تحقیق نیز مطالعۀ نظام مدیریت و تقسیم قنات بعد از خارج شدن از بافت مسکونی و روان شدن در بخش مزروعی قنات (باغ ها و کشت خوان) است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که نظام آبی مبتنی بر قنات در محمدیه، شامل شبکۀ تقسیم سازمان یافته ای است که در پیوند با نیازهای سکونت گاه و مرتبط با متغیّرهایی همچون توپوگرافی و شیب زمین، و جنس زمین و نوع خاک آن شکل گرفته است. این شبکۀ تقسیم شامل عناصر و فضاهای متنوعی از قبیل خانه های مسکونی، گرمابه، مرکز محله، مسجد، گذرها و معابر، و غسّ ال خانه است. همچنین نحوۀ حضور آب در هر یک از این فضاها دارای کیفیت متفاوتی است که عموماً به صورت جوی (زیرزمینی و روزمینی) و حوض و کِه (پایاب) طراحی شده است. آبیاری کشت پاییزه (گندم و جو) و کشت بهاره (پنبه) در هر سال با مدار گردش آب در هر ۱۸ شبانه روز در پهنۀ&nbsp; ۷۵هکتاری کشت خوان محمدیه از قانون مندی های حاکم بر نظام آبی این کشت خوان است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span></div> مهدی سلطانی محمدی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=812&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مهاباد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">درخور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجهی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دورۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">صفوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مانده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بعضی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">همانند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;"> &laquo;</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کوخی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کورتک</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">&raquo; </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">باستان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شناسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نگرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هدف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اصلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نوشتار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کورتک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تمام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فضاهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">عکس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نقشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تهیه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سپس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بهتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فضاها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">حروف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انگلیسی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">A</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">،</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">B</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">،</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">C</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">D</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نامگذاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پایان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تطبیقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سایر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاروانسراهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کوهستانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شمال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غرب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">مقایسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ابعاد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ریخت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پلان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">موقعیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فضاهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاروانسرا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سایر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاروانسراهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شمال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">غرب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ساختار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کلی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ویژگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">فضاها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">موقعیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرارگیری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کورتک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دستۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کاروانسراهای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کوهستانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پلان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ایوانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دهد</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رویکرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دیگر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">رجوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">متون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قدیمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">جمله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سفرنامه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بود</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">وجود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آنکه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کورتک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">شبکۀ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">راه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ارتباطی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">داشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">است،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">هیچ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">کدام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سیاحان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">گردشگران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اشاره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">نکرده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">معرفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بنا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تردید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دانسته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ما</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">آثار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">دوران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">اسلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بسیار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">سودمند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">خواهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">بود</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">.</span></span></div> صلاح سلیمی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=813&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">آب همیشه به مصداق آیۀ &laquo;و جَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ کلَّ شَیءٍ حَی&raquo; (الانبیاء آیۀ&nbsp; )۳۰مهم&nbsp; ترین عامل زندگانی انس</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ا</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;">ن ها و طبیعت است. به همین جهت پدیده سقایی و سقایت و عرضۀ آب خنک در مسیر راه های کاروانی و بافت های قدیمی شهرهای کویری و مساجد و بقاع متبرکه و حتی حمام ها در فرهنگ اسلامی ایران از جایگاه ویژه ای برخوردار است. وقف آب و آب&nbsp; انبارها و برکه ها و یخچال ها و سنگاب هایی که آب شرب و گوارای مسجد و بقاع متبرکه را تأمین می کرده اند، از همین فرهنگ دینی و صبغۀ مذهبی مایه گرفته و با ارزش&nbsp; های اعتقادی شیعه پیوندی جاودانه دارد. موضوعاتی چون سقایت امام علی(ع) با آب کوثر، آب سلسبیل، آب زمزم، و به&nbsp; خصوص واقعۀ غم&nbsp; انگیز عطش اهل بیت (ع) در بیابان های داغ و تفتیده کربلا از جملۀ مضامینی هستند که در اشعار کتیبه های آب&nbsp; انبارها و سنگاب ها به آن توجه خاصی مبذول شده است. سنگاب یکی از عناصر منقول مهم در معماری ایران به&nbsp; خصوص در مساجد و بقاع متبرکه و گاه حمام&nbsp; هاست که در ریخت&nbsp; های گونه&nbsp; گون تجلی یافته است. علی رغم فراوانی سنگاب ها، تنوع فرم در آن ها بسیارکم است و گونه&nbsp; های آن در شکل&nbsp; های مدور و مکعب مستطیل خلاصه می&nbsp; شود. در گونه&nbsp; های بررسی&nbsp; شده، سنگاب های مدور عموماً از یک جام بزرگ و یک شالی و پایه ای کوتاه تشکیل شده اند که نمونه&nbsp; های بسیاری از آن&nbsp; ها در مساجد و مدارس و بقاع متبرکۀ اصفهان دیده می&nbsp; شود. سنگاب های مکعب مستطیل نیز در تکایای گورستان تخت فولاد قابل مشاهده است که در کتاب تخت فولاد یادمان تاریخی اصفهان به آن ها اشاره شده است. در مقالۀ حاضر گونه&nbsp; ای متفاوت و ویژه از سنگاب معرفی شده است. سنگاب مسجد جامع عتیق در میان تمامی سنگاب ها از فرم خاص و استثنایی برخوردار است که علی رغم زیبایی و فرم منحصربه&nbsp; فردش، به سبب فرسایش و تخریب بیش از حد کتیبه هایش، مورد توجه محققان قرار نگرفته است به همین جهت کمبود منابع مکتوب در این زمینه کاملاً محسوس است. مقالۀ حاضر که بر اساس مطالعات میدانی صورت گرفته، ضرورت انجام بررسی و پژوهش در این مورد را تبیین می&nbsp; کند. در این مقاله با توجه به عبارات و کلمات قابل قرائت کتیبۀ سنگاب، در زمینۀ قدمت، بانی، کاربری، و تزئینات آن&nbsp; تحقیق شده است.</span></span></div> محمدعلی مخلصی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=814&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چکیده بنایی که امروز به مدرسۀ ضیائیه و زندان اسکندر شهره است، در محلۀ فهادان یزد و در محوطه&nbsp; ای قرار دارد که پیرامونشْ قبۀ دوازده امام، حسینیۀ فهادان، و برخی بناهای دیگر و خانه&nbsp; های تاریخی واقع هستند. این بنا دو میان سرا و سه ایوان دارد و گنبدخانۀ آن متصل به ایوان شرقی است و باقی عناصر کالبدی آن پیرامونِ میانسرایِ بزرگ انتظام یافته اند. تحقیقِ جدی و مستقلی دربارۀ این بنای مشهور انجام نشده و تحقیقات پراکندۀ انجام&nbsp; شده بیش&nbsp; تر مشتمل بر توصیفی از فضاهای معماری و عناصر و اجزای کالبدی بناست و &laquo;چیستی&raquo; آن تاکنون معلوم نشده است. مؤلفان تواریخ یزد هیچ کدام بنای زندان اسکندر را در کنار مدرسۀ ضیائیه معرفی نکرده اند. جعفری و کاتب مورخانِ قرنِ نهم، اشارۀ مستقیم به بنای زندان اسکندر ندارند، اما، بافقی مورخِ قرن یازدهم از موضِ عی به نام زندان اسکندر نام می برد. از طرفی ایشان در کتاب جامع مفیدی مانند جعفری و کاتب، مدرسۀ ضیائیه را با ذکر کامل نام بانی، سال ساخت، مدرسان، و ویژگی های کالبدی معرفی می کند. همچنین آیتی، مؤلف کتاب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">تاریخ یزد در سال </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">۱۳۱۷</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">ش از زندان اسکندر همچون محوطه ای در درون یزد یاد می کند و نامی از مدرسۀ ضیائیه به میان نمی آورد. به نظر می رسد زندان اسکندر و مدرسۀ ضیائیه دو بنای مجزا هستند. سؤالی پیش می آید و آن این که بنایی که امروز در مجاورت قبۀ دوازده امام است، مدرسۀ ضیائیه است؟ یا زندان اسکندر؟ یا هیچ&nbsp; کدام؟ یا هر دو؟ بنایِ مدّ نظر کتیبۀ احداثیه و سال ساخت ندارد و گزارش باستان شناسیِ قابل اتکایی برای شناخت آن وجود ندارد. لذا با بنایی روبه&nbsp; رو ایم که نمی دانیم &laquo;چیست؟&raquo;. هدف این مقاله شناختِ چیستی بنایی است که مختصری درباره اش خواندید. جست&nbsp; وجو در کتاب&nbsp; ها و اسناد مکتوب تاریخی و تحقیقات میدانی برای پاسخ به پرسش تحقیق راهگشا بوده است. شواهد نشان می&nbsp; دهد که بنای موسوم به مدرسۀ ضیائیه هیچ نسبت و نشانی از مدرسۀ ضیائیۀ شهرستان) مندرج در تواریخِ یزد ندارد. از طرفی با توجه به اطلاعات موجود امکان تشخیص زندان اسکندر همچون یک بنا میسر نیست. با وجود این، به نظر می رسد محوطه یا بنایِ زندان اسکندر با استناد به شواهد متنی و اشتهار آن میان اهالی فهادان، حدود موضعِ کنونیِ بنایی باشد که کانون این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">&nbsp;مقاله است.</span></span></span></div> مجتبی مهرعلی کردبچه http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=815&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">علاوه بر کتب و نشریات فارسی، مجلات و کتاب های تخصصی خارجی فراوانی پیرامون معماری و مرمت آثار و بناهای تاریخی و هنرهای وابسته به آن، هنرهای سنتی، باستان شناسی، مردم شناسی تاریخ و ادبیات بر غنای علمی کتابخانه سازمان میراث فرهنگی افزوده اند. به همین جهت نشریه اثر در نظر دارد از این شماره به معرفی تازه های کتاب و مجلات خارجی بپردازد. باشد که از این رهگذر زمینه آشنائی بیشتر محققین و علاقمندان با تازه های کتاب این کتابخانه فراهم آید.</span></span></div> معصومه ازقندی