http://journals.richt.ir/athar فصلنامه اثر - مقالات نشریه - سال 1396 جلد37 شماره75 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com fa 1396/12/10 http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=714&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">اردشیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بنیانگذار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شاهنشاهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساسانی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فیروزآباد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> )</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">اردشیرخوره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">/ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">گور</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">( </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عنوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اولین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تختگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتخاب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کمک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مهندسان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خبره،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بستن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منسجم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منظم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتقال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آب،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استقرارِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گسترده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قابل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سکونت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مدیریت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آب،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چنان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خوب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اجرا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آمده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توانست</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بعد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فروپاشی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دولت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساسانی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عنوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تجاری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کشاورزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جهان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روز،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطرح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بنا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منابع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قسمت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اعظم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زمین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کشاورزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فیروزآباد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باغ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اختصاص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یافته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شهر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گور</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> )</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">اردشیرخوره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">( </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دروازه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فاصلۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حدود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرسنگ</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> )</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">شش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کیلومتر</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">( </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یگرفت</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بنابراین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناسایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محدودۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باغ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اردشیرخوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">راست</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آزمایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آنچه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منابع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خصوص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ذکر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اند،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مهم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اهداف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حاضر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">همچنین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توجه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رشد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سریع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شهرنشینی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رفتن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تدریجی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سنتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتقال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طی</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> ۵۰ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">سال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اخیر،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ضروری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باغداری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نقش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رشد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صنعتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کشاورزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شهر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شکوفایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پرداخته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهش،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رویکردی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تطبیقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استفاده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">میدانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتابخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تطبیق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آنها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یکدیگر،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محدودۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باغ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اردشیرخوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساسانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اوایل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسلامی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یپردازد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باستان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناختی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نگارندگان،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روشن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آنچه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منابع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مورد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محدودۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باغ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شهر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اردشیرخوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آمده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قابل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اثبات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رسد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گسترۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باغ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دروازۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شهر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرسنگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نیز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فراتر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رفته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> حسام الدین احمدی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=715&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایمنی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امنیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همواره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دغدغه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اساسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انسان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محسوب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">لذا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آدمی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همواره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دنبال</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یافتن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیوه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اثرات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عوامل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تهدیدکنندۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایمنی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امنیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بوده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آنجا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کشور</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذشته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مسیر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حوادث</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معرض</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انواع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حمله</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تهاجم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظامی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ملل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قبایل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همسایه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واقع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بود،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پدیدۀ</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&laquo;</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دفاع</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">&raquo;</span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرسازی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اثر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زیادی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داشته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کالبدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حصار،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برج،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خندق،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">... </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استحکاماتی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظامی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غیر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظامی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بودند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ویژگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جغرافیای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طبیعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جهت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حفظ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">امنیت،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عموماً</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ارتفاعات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شدند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کهن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرستان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نایین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">راه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باستانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کرمان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واقع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عنوان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مهم ترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظام</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دفاعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذشتۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهرها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جمله</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قابل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رویکرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دسته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کرد</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تعدادی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خارج</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محدودۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مسکونی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یابی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مزارع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرفته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دیگر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آنها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نیز</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بلندترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقطۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شهر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طراحی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ریگ،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رضی،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">علی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آباد،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سوری،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حسین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آباد،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ک</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">درخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رستم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحقیق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوشتۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حاضر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توصیفی</span></span></span>&nbsp; <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحلیلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گردآوری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اطلاعات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طریق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصاحبه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">افراد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطّلع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آگاهان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلی</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> )</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شفاهی</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">( </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برداشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میدانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شکلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ارزیابانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موضوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">را</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بررسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اینکه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکتوب </span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">منابع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جغرافیای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سفرنامه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">...( </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نیز</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اشاره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشده،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رویکرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمدۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مبتنی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مشاهدات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مبیّن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلاع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دستۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">الف</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مستقر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بالاترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقطه؛</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ب</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرفته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرداگرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روستا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عنوان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکمّل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مستقر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بلندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حفاظت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آبادی؛</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ج</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اربابی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واقع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مزارع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مسکون،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">م</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گیرند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قلعۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رستم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دلیل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موقعیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاص</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرارگیری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ویژگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کالبدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماریان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارد،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظام</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دفاعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گذشتۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بافران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پررنگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اهمیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">داشته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></div> مهدی سلطانی محمدی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=716&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">برج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آجری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبدِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شهر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارومیه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بناهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارزشمند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ششم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هجری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بنای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شکل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سردری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مزین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نقوش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زیبا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تزیینات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آجرکاری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتیبه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آجری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بناهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شاخص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قسمتِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ورودی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برج،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتیب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ههایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کوفی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تراشیده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آجر،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نقش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بسته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قسمت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پایانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتیبۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سردر،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محرم</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> ۵۸۰ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">قمری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نوشته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسجد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جامع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نیز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یکی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دیگر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آثار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارزشمند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارومیه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مشخص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسجد،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محراب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گچبری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بسیار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزرگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتیبه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعدد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کوفی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نسخ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ثلث</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخ</span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">۱۳۷۶/۴/۲۰ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باستان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناسی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مأموریت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یافتم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتیبه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دو</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بنای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برجِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسجد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جامع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارومیه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرائت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کنم</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سفرکتیبه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دو</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بنا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خوانده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انجا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">موفق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یافتن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بانیِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدم</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقالۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حاضر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اساس</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گزارشِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مأموریت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تنظیم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:6.5pt;">۱ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتیبه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسجد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جامع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برجِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">س</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هگنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تفصیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> عبدالله قوچانی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=717&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">هم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بناهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">راهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منزلگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">امن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانیان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسیرهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مهم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بازرگانی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زیارتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بوده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ابهامات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعددی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چگونگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحولات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساختاری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بناهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ارزشمند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ادوار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مختلف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تاریخی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">وجود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رو</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحول</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ضرورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقالۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حاضر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هدف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آشنایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تبیین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحولات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توصیفی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحلیلی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اساس</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتابخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تدوین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نشان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> </span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">دهد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسلام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اوایل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسلامی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">منازل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اتراق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گاهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازماندهی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجره</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعدد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیرامون</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انداخته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اسکان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استراحت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانیان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متمرکز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بوده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحولاتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظیرِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گشایش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزرگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضاها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گوشه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایجاد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رواق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جلوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهارایوانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سلجوقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرسوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایلخانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جدیدی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متأثر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترکیب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهارایوانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سلجوقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گونۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چاپارخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پدیدار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایلخانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پایان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قاجاریه،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرسوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطبل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برگرفته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چاپارخان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نظم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسرا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رواق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جلوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حجر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوانچه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تبدیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">. </span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تیموری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مدخل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطبل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرکزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ورودی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انتقال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یافت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استقرار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">چهار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محدود</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صفویه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فراوانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">م</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">انفجار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تعبیر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسرا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اوج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پختگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رسیده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نمون</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعدد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متنوع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقیا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">س</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مختلف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کالبدی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کارکردی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دوره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باقی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مانده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">شیوۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاروانسراهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قاجار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تداوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">الگوهای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صفوی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دانست</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قاجار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">علاوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">غرفه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصطب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جزییات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فضاها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بیشتر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توجه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> مجتبی کاویان http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=718&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بخش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زیادی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کشور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شمول</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مناطق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خشکی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تهیۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گوارا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فصل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">همواره</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دشوار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بوده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماران</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رفع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معضل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مردم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مناطق،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سنتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ابداع</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">هندسه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یکی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عوامل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اثرگذار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طراحی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هاست</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گونه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هندسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفظ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نگهداری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عنصر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مؤثر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اساس</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گرفته،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهشی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دربارۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جایگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هندسه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گونه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عناصر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرمان (</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ب</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه خصوص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">( </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;">انجام</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نشده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پژوهش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سعی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نخستین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جایگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هندسه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شکل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پرداخته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقاله</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اساس</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کتابخانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">میدانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نوشته</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">روشِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحقیق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحلیلی</span>&nbsp; <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توصیفی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">نویسندگان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مقاله</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هدف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بازخوانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ویژگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هندسی</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> )</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">پلان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نما</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">( </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سعی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عوامل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مؤثر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شکل گیری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> </span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحلیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کنند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">توجه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یافته</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"> </span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تحقیق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مشخص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرارگیری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متأثر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عوامل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جغرافیایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ب</span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ه خصوص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">زاویۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تابش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خورشید</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">همچنین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایستایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دیوار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سایه انداز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ابعاد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دهانۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شکل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کیفیتِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پله</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ورودی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مخزن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اثرگذار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کوچک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رُک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پله</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ورودی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مخزن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مستقیم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یخچال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بزرگ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تر،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گنبد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پلکانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پله</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ورودی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مخزن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مدور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> نیما ولی بیگ http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=719&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انواع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اصلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بناها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">معماری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جامانده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دوران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایران</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دلیل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطالعه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">روی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرایندهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرسودگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همواره</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مورد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">متخصصان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حفاظت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرمت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بوده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span>&nbsp; <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مفهومی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نسبی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">صرف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نظر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاربرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نحوۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آوری،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تابعی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ویژگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فیزیکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مواد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سازنده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همچون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میزان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چسبندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مورد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همچنین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">غیر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هاست</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اساس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">با</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مختلف</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جغرافیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پراکندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشتی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایران،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طرح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تحقیقاتی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمونه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محوطه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باستانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بناهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تاریخی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مورد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مطالعات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family:minionpro-regular,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">XRF</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">،</span></span></span> کانی شناسی(<span style="font-family:minionpro-regular,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">XRD)</span></span>، <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مکانیکی</span></span></span> (<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بندی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شاخص</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خمیری</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گرفت</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نتایج</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;"> </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دهد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اساساً</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span>&nbsp; <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ماسه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گاه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همراه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سیلت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اجزای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ریزدانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هرسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلریت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موسکویت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایلیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همچنین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ترین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کائولینیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شمالی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دیده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">حالی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">که</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جنوب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرقی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرکزی[</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کانی ها]</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مونت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یونیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کائولینی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سبب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جذبِ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساختار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پایدارتری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عوض</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مون</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تمورینیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بیش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جذب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">م</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کنند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاصیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آماس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پذیری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دارند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بنابراین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نوع</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">میزان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کانی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رسی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کیفیت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مصالح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نقش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مهمی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ایفا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">وجود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نمک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">محلول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلرور</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شمال</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرقی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرکزی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">جنوب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شرقی،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">علاوه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چسبندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ذرات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بردن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">انسجام</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چرخه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">تر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خشک،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">طریق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فرایند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فیزیکی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">واگرایی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساختار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رس</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">می</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شود</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شستگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ها</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شیارهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">عمیق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آثار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">گلین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مناطق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فوق</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">نشانه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">پدیده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">هستند</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">. </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ذرات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کلوئیدی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اکسیدهای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آهن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">دار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">یا</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">لیمونیت</span></span></span> &nbsp;<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Fe</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;">۲</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">O</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;">۳</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">. H</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:6.0pt;">۲</span></span><span style="font-family:timesnewromanpsmt,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">O</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">موجود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاکِ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">منطقۀ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">فلات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">مرکزی</span></span></span> (<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ابیانه</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">) </span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">باعث</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">زردی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">رنگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">چسبندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">این</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">خاک</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">همین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">سبب</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">برای</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">ساخت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">اندود</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">کاهگل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">آن</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">بسیار</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">استفاده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">شده</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">است</span></span></span><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></div> منیژه هادیان دهکردی http://journal.richt.ir/athar/browse.php?a_id=720&sid=1&slc_lang=fa <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">غربی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خسرو</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">یکی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عناصر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شاخص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماریِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساسانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سلیمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گوشۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شمال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">غربیِ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محوطۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عشکل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دریاچه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قرار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دارد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساختار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اصلی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متعلق</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساسانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دورۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایلخانی</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> )</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">سدۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هفتم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هجری</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">( </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بازسازی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حاضر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سالم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بخش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آن،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جرز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شمالی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">برای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">استحکا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مبخشی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شبکه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ای</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">داربست</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فلزی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسلح</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">وضعیت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">متزلزل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جرز،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">لزوم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عملیات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفاظتی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گوشزد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">می</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">رو</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بخش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باستان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پروژه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سال</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"> ۱۳۹۵ </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">آغاز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">همکاری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">میراث</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فرهنگی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کشور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دانشگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">درسدن</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آلمان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آغاز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فصل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گذشته،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">علیرضا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">محمدپور</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسئولیت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گروه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایرانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مدیریت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پایگاه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کریستین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">فوکس</span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:6.5pt;">۱ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">مسئولیت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گروه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آلمانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">عهده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">داشتند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">یکی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مراحل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مطالعات،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">باستان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اختصاص</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">داشت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">میثم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">لباف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خانیکی،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سرپرست</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کاوش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آنیا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هایدنرایش</span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;"><span style="font-size:6.5pt;">۲ </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">نماینده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گروه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آلمانی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بودند</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">بدلیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">وضعیت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ثبات</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سازه،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گمانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">با</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">احتیاط</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">صورت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گرفت،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بدین</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ترتیب</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کنار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جرز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شمالی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تنها</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بخشی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گمانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">هایی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">سال</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">های</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">قبل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بودند</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">اکتفا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کنارۀ</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جرز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جنوبی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">که</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کمتر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معرض</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">خطر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">است،</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گمانه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">طرف</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">داخل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گسترش</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">پیدا</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرد</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;">نتایج</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">دست</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">آمده</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">از</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">این</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بررسی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">به</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شناخت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">بیشتر</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ساختار</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">معماری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کمک</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">کرد</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تصمیم</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">گیری</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">در</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نحوه</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">حفاظت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">و</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">مرمت</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">جرز</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">شمالی</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">ایوان</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">را</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">تسهیل</span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;">نمود</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:bnazanin;">.</span></span></div> میثم لباف خانیکی