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:: year 6, Issue 22 (2-2023) ::
Parseh J Archaeol Stud 2023, 6(22): 7-30 Back to browse issues page
Cultural Interactions of Bakhtiari Region with Fars and Khuzestan During the Chalcolithic Ages with an Emphasis on the Archaeological Data of Lordegan City
Moslem Mahdian *1, Iman Saedi2
1- M. A. in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran , moslem.mahdian@ut.ac.ir
2- M. A. in Archaeology, Department of Archeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (342 Views)
Abstract
The interaction of cultures in prehistoric Iran has always been one of the most important and complex topics in Iranian archeology. Such connections in different regions of Iran show the relationships of cultures and their effects on each other. During the fifth and fourth millennia, these connections became more extensive and significant. During this period in the South Zagros region, between Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (Bakhtiari region) and Khuzestan regions, close cultural ties were formed, which are more than anything else reflected in the pottery collections of Bakhtiari region. Alain Zagarel in his studies in different parts of Bakhtiari region points out that during this period, this region has received many cultural influences from Fars and Khuzestan regions. In this article, the cultural relations that took place during the chalcolithic Age in the Early / Middle / Late Shushan period of Khuzestan, the Early, Middle and Late Persian periods, as well as in the phases of Alexandria, Chelehgah, Afghan, R1, Lapoei, Shahrak and Borjoui and S17 in Bakhtiari region have been formed, discussed and tried to answer the question of whether there were cultural connections between these areas during the chalcolithic Age or not? According to the studies, it seems that there were cultural connections between these areas during this period. The point that should be mentioned here is that in this study, the cultural influences of Fars and Khuzestan regions on Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have been considered. The effects of these cultures on different parts of Bakhtiari region are not the same, so that the northern regions of this province during this period were influenced by the cultures of Khuzestan region and southern regions, especially Lordegan city during this period were influenced by the cultures of Fars region.
Keywords: Interaction, chalcolithic, Bakhtiari, Fars, Khuzestan.

Introduction
One of the most important field works done in Bakhtiari region is the activities of Allen Zagarel and Hassan Rezvani during the years 1390-1389. The two main plains of Bakhtiari region, namely Khanmirza, are located 180 km south to southwest of Isfahan, at an altitude of 1800 meters and Shahrekord at an altitude of 2100 meters. Both plains are very fertile pastures, but due to their height, lack of surface water and good soil, they are not suitable for agriculture (Hool, 1390: 132). The sites identified in these areas provide useful information from the pastoral pattern of the pre-pottery period. We are indicating a period of prosperity in the Bakhtiari region. Based on these activities, the question that arises here is whether there was a connection between the Bakhtiari region with Persia and Khuzestan during the Copper and Stone Age? It can be said that the initial study of copper and stone period pottery shows the relationship and close proximity of regional pottery with copper and stone period pottery in Fars (Bakun A and B) And Khuzestan (Middle and New Shushan). However, it seems that the copper and stone pottery of the lords is more similar to the prehistoric pottery of Persia (Bakun A, B and Lepui).

Materials and Methods
Cultural interactions are one of the most important and complex issues in archaeology. In this research, we first tried to study all the sources in this field well, and the pottery related to each region was carefully examined and matched with each other so that we could provide a correct and accurate comparison. Among the important sources that were used in this regard were the reports of excavations, investigations and research activities that took place in these areas during the copper and stone ages. For correct understanding and accurate analysis of the data, it was tried to use the latest archaeological activities and also the latest scientific results published in these areas.

Article Text
The pottery collection of Bakhtiari region provides us with very good information about the Copper and Stone Age, through which the connection between this region and Fars and Khuzestan can be determined. Data from all three phases of the Copper and Stone Age have been found in the Bakhtiari region. Among these, we can refer to the interregional interactions of other regions of Bakhtiari region such as Dashte Farsan with Khuzestan and Fars, and although this has been the case in previous periods(Neolithic), as the evidence shows They show that this trend has significantly increased in the Copper and Stone Age. Currently, studies show that this region is very similar to Fars and Khuzestan. Currently, studies show that this region is very similar to Fars and Khuzestan.A noteworthy point about the settlements of the copper and stone period of Farsan plain is that in this period the southern areas of Farsan plain are very similar to Bacon pottery in Persia, while the pottery of the northern half of this plain is closely similar. They have new Middle Shushan pottery.

Discussion
Based on the conducted research, it can be said that the residents of Bakhtiari region were influenced by the residents of Fars and Khuzestan during the copper and stone ages. Considering that most of the settlements in this area belong to nomads, it can be said that this area was a bridge of communication between these areas during the copper and stone ages. The presence of pottery similar to the cultural materials of the late Neolithic and copper and stone of Fars and Khuzestan indicates the strong connection between the Fars plain and the mentioned areas, and one of the important reasons for this strong connection is the migration of nomads in the Fars plain and other highlands of Bakhtiari to these areas. The identified sites of this period, which were mainly in the form of temporary camps, also prove this claim.

Conclusion
In the Copper and Stone Age, we are faced with the dramatic emergence of yards in the Lordegan area. During this time, communication between the inhabitants of Lordegan and Fars and Khuzestan has increased. The reason for this claim is the collection of pottery that exists in this area. Another reason to prove this claim is the laboratory studies that have been done on the Lepui pottery of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province with Fars province. Based on the researches, it can be said that the inhabitants of Bakhtiari region have been influenced by the inhabitants of Fars and Khuzestan during the Copper and Stone Age. Given that most of the settlements in this area belong to the nomads, it can be said that this area has been a bridge between these areas during the Copper and Stone Age. Khosrozadeh also points out that the presence of pottery similar to late Neolithic cultural materials and copper and stone of Fars and Khuzestan indicates the strong connection of Farsan plain with the mentioned areas and one of the important reasons for this strong connection is nomadic migration in Fars plain and other heights. Bakhtiari knows of these areas, as the sites identified during this period, which were mostly temporary camps, also support this claim.
Article number: 1
Keywords: Interaction, chalcolithic, Bakhtiari, Fars, Khuzestan.
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Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special Archeology
Received: 2022/02/8 | Accepted: 2022/03/6 | Published: 2023/02/20
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Mahdian M, Saedi I. (2023). Cultural Interactions of Bakhtiari Region with Fars and Khuzestan During the Chalcolithic Ages with an Emphasis on the Archaeological Data of Lordegan City. Parseh J Archaeol Stud. 6(22), 7-30. doi:10.30699/PJAS.6.22.7
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