RICHT Journal
PublicationAthar
Assistant Professor, Department of Art and Architecture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran , hajsayyedjavady@yahoo.com
Abstract: (1463 Views)
Bronze was one of the important metals in ancient times. This metal has been with mankind since the third millennium BC in advancing the history of the metallurgical industry. The use of this metal was also common in different regions of Iran. During the excavations of the cultural area of southeastern Iran, especially in the Baluchestan region, significant and diverse artifacts have been found, including the Bronze Age Spidej cemetery located in Iranshahr city. Therefore, the present study is a step towards understanding the construction technique and analyzing ancient metalworking technology in the Spidej cemetery located in Baluchistan, Iran. In this regard, four pieces of bronze artifacts discovered from this site were analyzed and examined using metallographic (OM) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray diffraction spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The results showed that the objects studied were made of relatively pure unalloyed copper (95%) and copper-tin (Cu-Sn). Microstructural analysis of the samples showed sulfide inclusions and lead spheres in some of the samples. In the metallographic section, the results indicate that after initial shaping (casting), cold and hot forging was used to shape and manufacture the objects.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Researches related to cultural heritage
Received: 2025/09/22 | Accepted: 2026/01/31 | Published: 2024/03/20
Received: 2025/09/22 | Accepted: 2026/01/31 | Published: 2024/03/20
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